OBJECTIVE Microalbuminuria (MAU) is associated with an enhanced risk of cardiovascular events. The prevalence of MAU and its prognostic impact has an important role in the stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension. This is an observational, prospective study performed by 13 general practitioners aiming at assessing the prevalence and prognostic relevance of MAU in essential hypertension. METHODS Patients with essential hypertension and with recent determination of MAU were enrolled into the study by general practitioners, and were followed up for 3 years. Primary end point was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events during the follow-up. RESULTS Out of 1024 unselected patients, consecutively enrolled from January 2009 to March 2010, 804 completed the 3-year follow-up. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the absence (n = 523, 65%) or presence (n = 281, 35%) of MAU. During the follow-up, 41 cardiovascular events (1.69 events/100 patient-years) were reported. The presence of MAU was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.32; 95% confidence interval 0.290-4.340, P = 0.097). When the analysis was restricted to the patients with previous cardiovascular event, MAU (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.18; 95% confidence interval 0.42-2.43, P = 0.031), together with age, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and smoking, independently predicted the occurrence of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS Presence of MAU in patients with essential hypertension is not associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events. At the variance, in patients with previous cardiovascular events, MAU was found to predict recurrent events. Thus, the assessment of MAU could be considered a useful tool in secondary prevention.