Is sciatic nerve block advantageous when combined with femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty? a meta-analysis. 2016

Faraj W Abdallah, and Caveh Madjdpour, and Richard Brull
Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. AbdallahF@smh.ca.

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain despite the use of femoral nerve block (FNB). The analgesic benefits of adding sciatic nerve block (SNB) to FNB following TKA are unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the analgesic effects of adding SNB to FNB following TKA. METHODS We searched the US National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica (Embase), and Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Register databases in March 2015 for randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the analgesic advantages of adding SNB to FNB compared to FNB alone after TKA. The designated primary outcome was intravenous morphine consumption during the 24-hr postoperative interval. The severity of pain was evaluated at rest and with movement two, four, eight, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr postoperatively. Morphine consumption during the postoperative 24-48 hr interval, time to first analgesic request, opioid-related side effects, block-related complications, patient satisfaction, functional recovery, and time to hospital discharge were also evaluated. Trials were stratified based on whether a single-shot SNB (SSNB) or continuous SNB (CSNB) was used. Data were combined using random effects modelling. RESULTS Eight RCTs, including 379 patients, were analyzed. Five trials examined SSNB, and three assessed CSNB. Together, SSNB and CSNB reduced the 0-24 hr weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval] of morphine consumption by 10.6 [-20.9 to -0.3] mg (P = 0.042; I(2) = 97%) and 20.5 [-28.6 to -12.4] mg (P < 0.001, I(2) = 86%), respectively. SSNB reduced pain at rest and during movement up to 8 hr postoperatively (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas CSNB reduced pain at rest up to 36 hr (P = 0.004) and pain with movement up to 48 hr (P = 0.031). CSNB also decreased the odds of postoperative nausea and vomiting by 91% (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The available evidence supporting the analgesic benefits of adding SNB to FNB following TKA is marked by significant heterogeneity. With this challenge in mind, our meta-analysis suggests that SNB can significantly reduce postoperative opioid consumption and diminish knee pain following TKA compared to no SNB in the setting of FNB.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009020 Morphine The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. Morphine Sulfate,Duramorph,MS Contin,Morphia,Morphine Chloride,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Anhydrous,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Pentahydrate,Oramorph SR,SDZ 202-250,SDZ202-250,Chloride, Morphine,Contin, MS,SDZ 202 250,SDZ 202250,SDZ202 250,SDZ202250,Sulfate, Morphine
D009407 Nerve Block Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain. Chemical Neurolysis,Chemodenervation,Nerve Blockade,Block, Nerve,Blockade, Nerve,Blockades, Nerve,Blocks, Nerve,Chemical Neurolyses,Chemodenervations,Nerve Blockades,Nerve Blocks,Neurolyses, Chemical,Neurolysis, Chemical
D010149 Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. Acute Post-operative Pain,Acute Postoperative Pain,Chronic Post-operative Pain,Chronic Post-surgical Pain,Chronic Postoperative Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pain,Pain, Post-operative,Persistent Postsurgical Pain,Post-operative Pain,Post-operative Pain, Acute,Post-operative Pain, Chronic,Post-surgical Pain,Postoperative Pain, Acute,Postoperative Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain,Postoperative Pain,Acute Post operative Pain,Chronic Post operative Pain,Chronic Post surgical Pain,Chronic Postsurgical Pains,Pain, Acute Post-operative,Pain, Acute Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Post-operative,Pain, Chronic Post-surgical,Pain, Chronic Postoperative,Pain, Chronic Postsurgical,Pain, Persistent Postsurgical,Pain, Post operative,Pain, Post-surgical,Pain, Postsurgical,Post operative Pain,Post operative Pain, Acute,Post operative Pain, Chronic,Post surgical Pain,Post-operative Pains,Post-surgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Chronic,Postsurgical Pain, Persistent
D005267 Femoral Nerve A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints. Femoral Nerves,Nerve, Femoral,Nerves, Femoral
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000701 Analgesics, Opioid Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS. Opioid,Opioid Analgesic,Opioid Analgesics,Opioids,Full Opioid Agonists,Opioid Full Agonists,Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists,Opioid Partial Agonists,Partial Opioid Agonists,Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid Mixed,Agonists, Full Opioid,Agonists, Opioid Full,Agonists, Opioid Partial,Agonists, Partial Opioid,Analgesic, Opioid,Full Agonists, Opioid,Mixed Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid,Opioid Agonists, Full,Opioid Agonists, Partial,Opioid Mixed Agonist Antagonists,Partial Agonists, Opioid
D012584 Sciatic Nerve A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE. Nerve, Sciatic,Nerves, Sciatic,Sciatic Nerves
D016032 Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Clinical Trials, Randomized,Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized,Trials, Randomized Clinical
D017060 Patient Satisfaction The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial. Satisfaction, Patient
D019645 Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee Replacement of the knee joint. Knee Replacement, Total,Arthroplasties, Knee Replacement,Arthroplasties, Replacement, Knee,Arthroplasty, Knee Replacement,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Partial Knee,Knee Arthroplasty,Knee Arthroplasty, Total,Knee Replacement Arthroplasties,Knee Replacement Arthroplasty,Partial Knee Arthroplasty,Partial Knee Replacement,Replacement Arthroplasties, Knee,Replacement Arthroplasty, Knee,Replacement, Total Knee,Total Knee Replacement,Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty,Unicompartmental Knee Replacement,Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty,Unicondylar Knee Replacement,Arthroplasty, Knee,Arthroplasty, Partial Knee,Arthroplasty, Total Knee,Arthroplasty, Unicompartmental Knee,Arthroplasty, Unicondylar Knee,Knee Arthroplasty, Partial,Knee Arthroplasty, Unicompartmental,Knee Arthroplasty, Unicondylar,Knee Replacement, Partial,Knee Replacement, Unicompartmental,Knee Replacement, Unicondylar,Total Knee Arthroplasty

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