Biomaterial Database

Low Free Testosterone Is Associated with Hypogonadal Signs and Symptoms in Men with Normal Total Testosterone. 2016

Leen Antonio, and Frederick C W Wu, and Terence W O'Neill, and Stephen R Pye, and Tomas B Ahern, and Michaël R Laurent, and Ilpo T Huhtaniemi, and Michael E J Lean, and Brian G Keevil, and Giulia Rastrelli, and Gianni Forti, and György Bartfai, and Felipe F Casanueva, and Krzysztof Kula, and Margus Punab, and Aleksander Giwercman, and Frank Claessens, and Brigitte Decallonne, and Dirk Vanderschueren, and

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (L.A., B.D., D.V.), KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (L.A., M.R.L., F.C.), KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology (L.A., B.D., D.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W., T.B.A.), Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Royal Infirmary (F.C.W.W.), Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre of Epidemiology (T.W.O.N., S.R.P.), The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; National Institute for Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (T.W.O.N.), Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.R.L.), KU Leuven, Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London (I.T.H.), Hammersmith Campus, London, UK; Department of Physiology (I.T.H.), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Human Nutrition (M.E.J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit (G.R.), Department of Experimental Clinical and Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology Unit (G.F.), Department of Experimental Clinical and Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology (G.B.), Albert Szent-György Medica

During aging, total testosterone (TT) declines and SHBG increases, resulting in a greater decrease in calculated free T (cFT). Currently, guidelines suggest using TT to diagnose androgen deficiency and to reserve cFT only for men with borderline TT. Our objective was to investigate if either low cFT or low TT is more strongly associated with androgen-related clinical endpoints. A total of 3334 community-dwelling men, aged 40-79 years, were included in this study. Differences in clinical variables between the referent group of men with both normal TT (≥10.5 nmol/liter) and normal cFT (≥220 pmol/liter) with those who had normal TT/low cFT, low TT/normal cFT, and low TT/low cFT were assessed by regression models adjusted for age, center, body mass index, and comorbidities. A total of 2641 men had normal TT (18.4 ± 5.5 [mean ± SD] nmol/liter)/normal cFT (326 ± 74 pmol/liter), 277 men had normal TT (14.2 ± 3.7)/low cFT (194 ± 23), 96 men had low TT (9.6 ± 0.7)/normal cFT (247 ± 20), and 320 men had low TT (7.8 ± 2.5)/low cFT (160 ± 55). Men with normal TT/low cFT were older and in poorer health. They had higher SHBG and LH and reported more sexual and physical symptoms, whereas hemoglobin and bone ultrasound parameters were lower compared to the referent group. Men with low TT/normal cFT were younger and more obese. They had lower SHBG, but LH was normal, whereas features of androgen deficiency were lacking. Low cFT, even in the presence of normal TT, is associated with androgen deficiency-related symptoms. Normal cFT, despite low TT, is not associated with cognate symptoms; therefore, cFT levels should be assessed in men with suspected hypogonadal symptoms.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007006	Hypogonadism	Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism,Hypogonadism, Isolated Hypogonadotropic,Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism,Hypogonadism, Hypergonadotropic,Hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D002318	Cardiovascular Diseases	Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	Adverse Cardiac Event,Cardiac Events,Major Adverse Cardiac Events,Adverse Cardiac Events,Cardiac Event,Cardiac Event, Adverse,Cardiac Events, Adverse,Cardiovascular Disease,Disease, Cardiovascular,Event, Cardiac
D002423	Cause of Death	Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.	Causes of Death,Death Cause,Death Causes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D012738	Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin	A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.	Sex Steroid-Binding Protein,Testosterone-Estradiol Binding Globulin,Binding Globulin, Testosterone-Estradiol,Globulin, Sex Hormone-Binding,Globulin, Testosterone-Estradiol Binding,Hormone-Binding Globulin, Sex,Sex Hormone Binding Globulin,Sex Steroid Binding Protein,Steroid-Binding Protein, Sex,Testosterone Estradiol Binding Globulin
D013739	Testosterone	A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.	17-beta-Hydroxy-4-Androsten-3-one,17-beta-Hydroxy-8 alpha-4-Androsten-3-one,8-Isotestosterone,AndroGel,Androderm,Andropatch,Androtop,Histerone,Sterotate,Sustanon,Testim,Testoderm,Testolin,Testopel,Testosterone Sulfate,17 beta Hydroxy 4 Androsten 3 one,17 beta Hydroxy 8 alpha 4 Androsten 3 one,8 Isotestosterone