Biomaterial Database

Epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal motor phenomena in newborns. 2016

Carlotta Facini, and Carlotta Spagnoli, and Francesco Pisani

a Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to provide an extensive overview of the clinical features of neonatal paroxysmal motor phenomena, both self-limited, related to the immaturity of the central nervous system, and pathological (epileptic and non-epileptic), in order to help the diagnostic approach. METHODS We reviewed the scientific literature about epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal motor phenomena in newborns. RESULTS Paroxysmal motor phenomena in newborns represent a challenge for the clinicians due to the different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A proper differential diagnosis is required. CONCLUSIONS There are some clinical features that may help clinicians with the differentiation among physiological and pathological, epileptic, and non-epileptic events. However, further investigations are often needed to identify the cause. A continuous synchronized video-electroencephalogram (EEG)-recording, interpreted by an expert in neonatal neurology, remains the gold standard to prove the epileptic origin of a paroxysmal motor phenomenon.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D003937	Diagnosis, Differential	Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures.	Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D004569	Electroencephalography	Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.	EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D004827	Epilepsy	A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	Aura,Awakening Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Cryptogenic,Auras,Cryptogenic Epilepsies,Cryptogenic Epilepsy,Epilepsies,Epilepsies, Cryptogenic,Epilepsy, Awakening,Seizure Disorders
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013216	Reflex, Startle	A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus. The reaction involves physical movement away from the stimulus, MUSCLE CONTRACTION and limb flexion, BLINKING, and changes in HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, and RESPIRATION.	Startle Reaction,Acoustic Startle Reflex,Reflex, Moro,Startle Response,Moro Reflex,Reaction, Startle,Reactions, Startle,Reflex, Acoustic Startle,Response, Startle,Responses, Startle,Startle Reactions,Startle Reflex,Startle Reflex, Acoustic,Startle Responses
D014741	Video Recording	The storing or preserving of video signals to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver.	Audiovisual Recording,Videorecording,Audiovisual Recordings,Recording, Audiovisual,Recording, Video,Recordings, Audiovisual,Recordings, Video,Video Recordings,Videorecordings
D020820	Dyskinesias	Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	Asterixis,Ballismus,Hemiballismus,Involuntary Movements,Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesia,Orofacial Dyskinesia,Abnormal Movements,Hemiballism,Linguofacial Dyskinesia,Oral Dyskinesia,Oral-Facial Dyskinesia,Tardive Oral Dyskinesia,Abnormal Movement,Dyskinesia,Dyskinesia, Lingual-Facial-Buccal,Dyskinesia, Linguofacial,Dyskinesia, Oral,Dyskinesia, Oral-Facial,Dyskinesia, Orofacial,Dyskinesias, Lingual-Facial-Buccal,Dyskinesias, Linguofacial,Dyskinesias, Oral,Dyskinesias, Oral-Facial,Dyskinesias, Orofacial,Involuntary Movement,Lingual Facial Buccal Dyskinesia,Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesias,Linguofacial Dyskinesias,Movement, Abnormal,Movement, Involuntary,Movements, Abnormal,Movements, Involuntary,Oral Dyskinesias,Oral Facial Dyskinesia,Oral-Facial Dyskinesias,Orofacial Dyskinesias,Tardive Oral Dyskinesias