Surgical and Endovascular Treatment for Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations. 2016

Toshiki Endo, and Hidenori Endo, and Kenichi Sato, and Yasushi Matsumoto, and Teiji Tominaga
Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine.

Spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a broad term that constitutes diverse vascular pathologies. To date, various classification schemes for spinal AVM have been proposed in literature, which helped neurosurgeons understand the pathophysiology of the disease and determine an optimal treatment strategy. To discuss indications and results of surgical and endovascular interventions for spinal AVM, this article refers to the following classification proposed by Anson and Spetzler in 1992: type I, dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF); type II, glomus intramedullary AVM; type III, juvenile malformations; and type IV, perimedullary AVF. In general, complete obliteration of the fistula is a key for better outcome in type I dural and type IV perimedullary AVFs. On the other hand, in type II glomus and type III juvenile malformations, functional preservation, instead of pursuing angiographical cure, is the main goal of the treatment. In such cases, reduction of the shunt flow can alleviate clinical symptoms. Proper management of spinal AVM should start with neurological examination and understanding of angioarchitectures, which provide critical information that guides the indication and modality of intervention. Finally, close collaboration of the microsurgical and endovascular teams are mandatory for successful treatment.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001165 Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. Arteriovenous Malformation,Malformation, Arteriovenous,Malformations, Arteriovenous
D057510 Endovascular Procedures Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY. Endovascular Techniques,Intravascular Procedures,Intravascular Techniques,Endovascular Procedure,Endovascular Technique,Intravascular Procedure,Intravascular Technique,Procedure, Endovascular,Procedure, Intravascular,Procedures, Endovascular,Procedures, Intravascular,Technique, Endovascular,Technique, Intravascular,Techniques, Endovascular,Techniques, Intravascular
D020785 Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations Congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities involving ARTERIES; VEINS; or venous sinuses in the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and MENINGES. CNS Vascular Malformations,Congenital Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Brain,Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain,Central Nervous System Congenital Vascular Malformations,Central Nervous System Vascular Anomalies,Cerebral Embryonic Artery, Persistent,Dural Arteriovenous Fistula,Embryonic Artery, Persistent, Cerebral,Persistent Cerebral Embryonic Artery,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasias,Vascular Anomalies, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Congenital, Nervous System,Arteriovenous Fistula, Dural,Arteriovenous Fistulas, Dural,Brain Capillary Telangiectasia,Brain Capillary Telangiectasias,Brain Vascular Malformation,Brain Vascular Malformations,CNS Vascular Malformation,Capillary Telangiectasia, Pontine,Capillary Telangiectasias, Brain,Capillary Telangiectasias, Pontine,Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas,Malformation, Brain Vascular,Malformation, CNS Vascular,Malformations, Brain Vascular,Malformations, CNS Vascular,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasia,Telangiectasia, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasia, Pontine Capillary,Telangiectasias, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasias, Pontine Capillary,Vascular Malformation, Brain,Vascular Malformation, CNS,Vascular Malformations, CNS

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