Biomaterial Database

Variations in lymphokine generation by individual lymph nodes draining human malignant tumors. 1989

D R Wen, and D S Hoon, and C Chang, and A J Cochran

Division of Surgical Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.

Individual lymph nodes draining tumors vary in their degree of immunological activity. Cell suspensions from tumor-free nodes located relatively near to tumors are spontaneously less reactive and respond poorly to exogenous stimulation by mitogens and lymphokines. Diminished spontaneous uptake of tritiated thymidine by lymph node cells not exposed to exogenous stimulation suggests that tumor-proximate immune suppression exists in vivo and is not purely a laboratory artefact. The present study was undertaken to explore that possibility further. Fluid in which cell suspensions from tumor-free nodes were prepared, and supernatants from short-term cultures of nodes located at different distances from tumors were compared for their capacity to inhibit the in vitro migration of the human lymphoblastoid cell line QIMR-WIL. Inhibitory activity of fluids from individual nodes was related to their position relative to the tumor and their immune competence, assessed by the responses to mitogens of cell suspensions prepared from them. Cell suspension fluids from 92/111 nodes (83%) significantly inhibited the migration of QIMR-WIL, at a level similar (44 +/- 14%) to that induced by the supernatants of mixed lymphocyte cultures (43 +/- 17%). Fluids from the nodes of melanoma patients were more inhibitory than those from breast cancer patients (49 +/- 12% and 37 +/- 13%, respectively, P = 0.003). The inhibitory activity of the different nodes of individual node groups varied significantly in 25 of 33 patients (76%), the node nearest the tumor generating least inhibitory activity (indexing the greatest immune suppression) in 20 of these 25 patients (80%). The strength of migration-inhibitory activity was concordant with the responsiveness to mitogen stimulation in up to 14 of 18 patients (78%). Studies of molecular size and heat stability indicated that the inhibitory factors had characteristics consistent with common migration-inhibitory lymphokines such as leukocyte-migration-inhibitory factor, macrophage-inhibitory factor and interleukin-2. Our findings further support the hypothesis that lymph nodes nearest to tumors are relatively immune-suppressed in vivo.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007961	Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors	Protein factor(s) released by sensitized lymphocytes (and possibly other cells) that inhibit the movement of LEUKOCYTES, especially polymorphonuclear cells, away from their site of release. Assays for these factors are used as tests for cellular immunity. Two of the common assays are the LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION CAPILLARY TUBE TECHNIQUE (LMCT) and the LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION AGAROSE TEST (LMAT).	Migration-Inhibition Factors, Leukocyte,Leukocyte Migration-Inhibition Factors,Migration-Inhibitory Factors, Leukocyte,Factors, Leukocyte Migration-Inhibition,Factors, Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory,Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Factors,Leukocyte Migration Inhibitory Factors,Migration Inhibition Factors, Leukocyte,Migration Inhibitory Factors, Leukocyte
D008198	Lymph Nodes	They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.	Lymph Node,Node, Lymph,Nodes, Lymph
D008222	Lymphokines	Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.	Lymphocyte Mediators,Mediators, Lymphocyte
D008545	Melanoma	A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	Malignant Melanoma,Malignant Melanomas,Melanoma, Malignant,Melanomas,Melanomas, Malignant
D001826	Body Fluids	Liquid components of living organisms.	Body Fluid,Fluid, Body,Fluids, Body
D001943	Breast Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	Breast Cancer,Breast Tumors,Cancer of Breast,Breast Carcinoma,Cancer of the Breast,Human Mammary Carcinoma,Malignant Neoplasm of Breast,Malignant Tumor of Breast,Mammary Cancer,Mammary Carcinoma, Human,Mammary Neoplasm, Human,Mammary Neoplasms, Human,Neoplasms, Breast,Tumors, Breast,Breast Carcinomas,Breast Malignant Neoplasm,Breast Malignant Neoplasms,Breast Malignant Tumor,Breast Malignant Tumors,Breast Neoplasm,Breast Tumor,Cancer, Breast,Cancer, Mammary,Cancers, Mammary,Carcinoma, Breast,Carcinoma, Human Mammary,Carcinomas, Breast,Carcinomas, Human Mammary,Human Mammary Carcinomas,Human Mammary Neoplasm,Human Mammary Neoplasms,Mammary Cancers,Mammary Carcinomas, Human,Neoplasm, Breast,Neoplasm, Human Mammary,Neoplasms, Human Mammary,Tumor, Breast
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D002464	Cell Migration Inhibition	Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.	Chemotaxis Inhibition,Chemotaxis Inhibitions,Inhibition, Chemotaxis,Inhibitions, Chemotaxis
D002465	Cell Movement	The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.	Cell Migration,Locomotion, Cell,Migration, Cell,Motility, Cell,Movement, Cell,Cell Locomotion,Cell Motility,Cell Movements,Movements, Cell
D002474	Cell-Free System	A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)	Cellfree System,Cell Free System,Cell-Free Systems,Cellfree Systems,System, Cell-Free,System, Cellfree,Systems, Cell-Free,Systems, Cellfree