Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation with Concomitant, Flow-Dependent Malformation and Aneurysm. 2016

Michael Karsy, and Amol Raheja, and Jian Guan, and Anne G Osborn, and William T Couldwell
Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

BACKGROUND Scalp arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are well-described congenital abnormalities for which co-occurrence with other vascular pathologies significantly alters management strategies. The authors describe a case in which congenital sAVM was found with concomitant intracranial, flow-dependent vascular malformation and schizencephalic developmental anomaly. METHODS A 21-year-old man presented with a right-sided bruit and an enlarging palpable, pulsatile scalp mass. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 5-cm right sAVM and an azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) feeding a 2-cm parafalcine vascular anomaly, as well as an unruptured 3-mm, flow-related, distal ACA aneurysm. sAVM feeders were catheterized and embolized with Onyx 18. During resection of the right frontal scalp lesion, dissection below the pericranium was developed to expose the low-flow extracranial sAVM. A supratrochlear arterial feeder and the vascular nidus were coagulated, but radical resection was avoided to prevent scalp necrosis. An anterior right frontal parasagittal craniotomy and dural opening were performed. A developmental anomaly of the right superior frontal gyrus was noted, and a dense vascular network within the anterior parafalcine fold was excised and coagulated. The distal ACA aneurysm was cauterized and wrapped to preserve the parent artery. The patient made an excellent recovery without neurologic deficits. CONCLUSIONS A review of the literature demonstrated a variety of endovascular and open surgical treatments with limited consensus on standard care. While sAVMs have been described in the literature, the combination of the diverse conditions seen in this case is unique.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001165 Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. Arteriovenous Malformation,Malformation, Arteriovenous,Malformations, Arteriovenous
D012535 Scalp The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). Scalps
D016896 Treatment Outcome Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series. Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D055815 Young Adult A person between 19 and 24 years of age. Adult, Young,Adults, Young,Young Adults
D020785 Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations Congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities involving ARTERIES; VEINS; or venous sinuses in the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and MENINGES. CNS Vascular Malformations,Congenital Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Brain,Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain,Central Nervous System Congenital Vascular Malformations,Central Nervous System Vascular Anomalies,Cerebral Embryonic Artery, Persistent,Dural Arteriovenous Fistula,Embryonic Artery, Persistent, Cerebral,Persistent Cerebral Embryonic Artery,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasias,Vascular Anomalies, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Congenital, Nervous System,Arteriovenous Fistula, Dural,Arteriovenous Fistulas, Dural,Brain Capillary Telangiectasia,Brain Capillary Telangiectasias,Brain Vascular Malformation,Brain Vascular Malformations,CNS Vascular Malformation,Capillary Telangiectasia, Pontine,Capillary Telangiectasias, Brain,Capillary Telangiectasias, Pontine,Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas,Malformation, Brain Vascular,Malformation, CNS Vascular,Malformations, Brain Vascular,Malformations, CNS Vascular,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasia,Telangiectasia, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasia, Pontine Capillary,Telangiectasias, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasias, Pontine Capillary,Vascular Malformation, Brain,Vascular Malformation, CNS,Vascular Malformations, CNS

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