Contribution of cecal and ruminal VFA to metabolizable energy was investigated in steers with cannulas in both the rumen and cecum. Animals were fed ad libitum so that data would be applicable to the lactating dairy cow. Diets assigned within a 4 x 4 Latin square were: 20% long alfalfa hay and 80% concentrate; 15% pelleted alfalfa, 5% hay and 80% concentrate; 80% hay and 20% concentrate; 60% pellets, 20% hay and 20% concentrate. Intake of DM was unaffected by diet. Cecal fluid pH, osmolality, and concentrations of valerate and isovalerate were unaffected by diet. Concentrations of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and lactate in the cecum increased with proportion of grain in the diet. The high grain diets depressed cecal ammonia concentration and acetate to propionate ratio. Acetate production in the cecum was higher with the high grain diets whereas that in the rumen was lower. Production of propionate and butyrate in both the cecum and rumen was unaffected by diet. Cecal VFA provided 8.6% of metabolizable energy intake, on average. Contribution of ruminal VFA to total metabolizable energy was affected by diet, accounting for 72, 51, 74, and 52% of metabolizable energy from the 20% hay, 20% pelleted alfalfa, 80% hay, and 80% pelleted alfalfa, respectively. Cecal VFA were an important source of energy for ad libitum-fed steers; this contribution would undoubtedly increase with increasing feed intake.