Sleep-wake distribution and circadian patterns of epileptic seizures in children. 2016

Esra Gurkas, and Ayse Serdaroglu, and Tugba Hirfanoglu, and Ayse Kartal, and Unsal Yılmaz, and Erhan Bilir
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Pediatric & Pediatric Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, Ankara 06110, Turkey. Electronic address: esragurkas@yahoo.com.

BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic disorders. Daily periodicity of epileptic seizures has been known for over a century. The diurnal patterns of epileptic seizures have also been observed in studies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the sleep/wake cycle, day/night, and 24-h periodicity of various seizure subtypes and seizure onset localizations in children. METHODS We analyzed the clinical seizures of 170 consecutive epilepsy patients who underwent video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring over the last 5 years. Semiology of the seizures was classified according to the semiological seizure classification. Origin of the seizures was defined by the onset of ictal activity on EEG. Seizures were evaluated in terms of occurrence during the day (06:00-18:00 h) or night (18:00-06:00 h), in wakefulness or in sleep, and within a 3-h time interval throughout 24 h. RESULTS A total of 909 seizures were analyzed. Auras, dialeptic, myoclonic, hypomotor, atonic seizures, and epileptic spasms occurred more frequently in wakefulness; tonic, clonic, and hypermotor seizures occurred more frequently in sleep. Auras, dialeptic, and atonic seizures and epileptic spasms occurred more often during daytime; hypermotor seizures occurred more often at night. Generalized seizures were seen most frequently in wakefulness (between 12:00 and 18:00 h); frontal lobe seizures were seen at night and in sleep (between 24:00 and 03:00 h); temporal lobe seizures were seen in wakefulness (between 06:00 and 09:00 h and between 12:00 and 15:00 h); occipital seizures were seen during daytime and in wakefulness (between 09:00 and 12:00 h and between 15:00 and 18:00 h, respectively); parietal seizures were seen mostly during daytime. CONCLUSIONS Seizures in children occur in specific circadian patterns and in specific sleep/wake distributions depending on seizure onset location and semiology.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008991 Monitoring, Physiologic The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine. Patient Monitoring,Monitoring, Physiological,Physiologic Monitoring,Monitoring, Patient,Physiological Monitoring
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D002940 Circadian Rhythm The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli. Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D004569 Electroencephalography Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain. EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D004827 Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Aura,Awakening Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Cryptogenic,Auras,Cryptogenic Epilepsies,Cryptogenic Epilepsy,Epilepsies,Epilepsies, Cryptogenic,Epilepsy, Awakening,Seizure Disorders
D004829 Epilepsy, Generalized Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14) Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Tonic,Generalized Nonconvulsive Seizure Disorder,Seizure Disorder, Generalized,Convulsive Seizure Disorder, Generalized,Epilepsy, Akinetic,Epilepsy, Atonic,Generalized Convulsive Epilepsy,Generalized Nonconvulsive Epilepsy,Generalized Onset Seizure Disorder,Generalized Seizure Disorder, Convulsive,Generalized Seizure Disorder, Nonconvulsive,Nonconvulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder,Nonconvulsive Seizure Disorder, Generalized,Seizure Disorder, Convulsive, Generalized,Seizure Disorder, Generalized Nonconvulsive,Seizure Disorder, Generalized Onset,Seizure Disorder, Generalized, Convulsive,Seizure Disorder, Nonconvulsive Generalized,Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsy,Akinetic Epilepsies,Akinetic Epilepsy,Atonic Epilepsies,Atonic Epilepsy,Convulsive Epilepsies, Generalized,Convulsive Epilepsy, Generalized,Epilepsies, Akinetic,Epilepsies, Atonic,Epilepsies, Generalized,Epilepsies, Generalized Convulsive,Epilepsies, Tonic,Epilepsy, Generalized Convulsive,Epilepsy, Generalized Nonconvulsive,Epilepsy, Symptomatic Generalized,Generalized Convulsive Epilepsies,Generalized Epilepsies,Generalized Epilepsy,Generalized Epilepsy, Symptomatic,Generalized Seizure Disorder,Generalized Seizure Disorders,Nonconvulsive Epilepsy, Generalized,Seizure Disorders, Generalized,Tonic Epilepsies,Tonic Epilepsy
D004833 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321). Epilepsy, Benign Psychomotor, Childhood,Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood,Childhood Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy,Epilepsy, Lateral Temporal,Epilepsy, Uncinate,Epilepsies, Lateral Temporal,Epilepsies, Temporal Lobe,Epilepsies, Uncinate,Lateral Temporal Epilepsies,Lateral Temporal Epilepsy,Temporal Lobe Epilepsies,Temporal Lobe Epilepsy,Uncinate Epilepsies,Uncinate Epilepsy
D005260 Female Females

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