Study of the influence of a long-term staged use of diet therapy during prophylactic medical observation of post-myocardial infarction patients has shown that the anti-sclerosis diet used under clinical conditions was effective for relieving the angina pectoris syndrome and obtaining favourable dynamic changes in a number of metabolic parameters. Among the out-patients the diet was used by only 76 per cent. A comparative study of the results of diet therapy during the 3-year medical observation has shown a clear tendency to a gradual reduction of hyperlipoproteinemia and excessive body weight in patients who adhered to the diet. The parameters under study in the group of patients who violated the diet returned to the original level. The incidence of recurrent myocardial infarctions in patients on a diet was twice as low as in those who violated it. Prolonged diet therapy considerably improved parameters of IHD patients' working capacity. A special model has been elaborated for adequate use of the nutritional factor at all stages of the rehabilitation program.