Phosphatase PPM1A is a novel prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 2016

Jie Fan, and Michelle X Yang, and Qi Ouyang, and Deliang Fu, and Zude Xu, and Xiuping Liu, and Mari Mino-Kenudson, and Jiang Geng, and Feng Tang
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors complex molecular alterations and remains a lethal disease. Aberrant TGF-β/Smads signaling is a well-known mechanism involved in the progression of PDACs. However, loss of Smad4 expression is reported in only ~50% of PDACs and is generally associated with worse prognosis. Investigating additional prognostic markers is warranted. PPM1A is a phosphatase that dephosphorylates TGF-β-activated Smad2/3 and inactivates the TGF-β signaling. Little is known about the clinical significance of PPM1A in PDACs and its functional relationship to Smad4. In this study, PPM1A and Smad4 immunohistochemistry was assessed in 180 R0 resected human PDACs. PPM1A was lost in 41.7% cases, whereas Smad4 was lost in 45.7% cases. The median survival rate with negative and positive PPM1A was 10.9 and 16.8 months, respectively. Loss of PPM1A was significantly associated with larger tumor size and higher stage and was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes. Intriguingly, the overall survival of this cohort was divided into 3 groups based on the expression pattern of PPM1A and Smad4, with the Smad4+/PPM1A+ pattern associated with favorable survival, the Smad4+/PPM1A- or Smad4-/PPM1A- pattern associated with unfavorable, and the PPM1A+/Smad4- pattern fell between these 2 groups. In 82 cases with negative Smad4, PPM1A or P-Smad2/3 expression was retained. Using a SMAD4-deficient human PDAC cell line, BxPC3, we further demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment induced PPM1A and P-Smad2/3 expression in this cell line. PPM1A and Smad4 immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens may provide more accurate prognostic stratification for patients with PDAC.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007150 Immunohistochemistry Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents. Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009367 Neoplasm Staging Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient. Cancer Staging,Staging, Neoplasm,Tumor Staging,TNM Classification,TNM Staging,TNM Staging System,Classification, TNM,Classifications, TNM,Staging System, TNM,Staging Systems, TNM,Staging, Cancer,Staging, TNM,Staging, Tumor,System, TNM Staging,Systems, TNM Staging,TNM Classifications,TNM Staging Systems
D010190 Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). Cancer of Pancreas,Pancreatic Cancer,Cancer of the Pancreas,Neoplasms, Pancreatic,Pancreas Cancer,Pancreas Neoplasms,Pancreatic Acinar Carcinoma,Pancreatic Carcinoma,Acinar Carcinoma, Pancreatic,Acinar Carcinomas, Pancreatic,Cancer, Pancreas,Cancer, Pancreatic,Cancers, Pancreas,Cancers, Pancreatic,Carcinoma, Pancreatic,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Acinar,Carcinomas, Pancreatic,Carcinomas, Pancreatic Acinar,Neoplasm, Pancreas,Neoplasm, Pancreatic,Neoplasms, Pancreas,Pancreas Cancers,Pancreas Neoplasm,Pancreatic Acinar Carcinomas,Pancreatic Cancers,Pancreatic Carcinomas,Pancreatic Neoplasm
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000071636 Protein Phosphatase 2C One of four major classes of mammalian serine/threonine specific protein phosphatases. Protein phosphatase 2C is a monomeric enzyme about 42 kDa in size. It shows broad substrate specificity dependent on divalent cations (mainly manganese and magnesium). Three isozymes are known in mammals: PP2C -alpha, -beta and -gamma. In yeast, there are four PP2C homologues: phosphatase PTC1 that have weak tyrosine phosphatase activity, phosphatase PTC2, phosphatase PTC3, and PTC4. Isozymes of PP2C also occur in Arabidopsis thaliana where the kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) containing a C-terminal PP2C domain, dephosphorylates Ser/Thr receptor-like kinase RLK5. Magnesium-Dependent Protein Phosphatase 2C beta,PP2C beta,PP2Cepsilon,PP2Cgamma,PPM1 Magnesium-Dependent Protein Phosphatases,PPM1 Protein Phosphatases,PPM1D Phosphatase,PPM1E Phosphatase,PPM1G Phosphatase,Ppm1b Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatase 1D Magnesium-Dependent, delta isoform,Protein Phosphatase 2C beta,Protein Phosphatase 2C delta,Protein Phosphatase 2C epsilon,Protein Phosphatase 2C gamma,Ptc2 Phosphatase,2C, Protein Phosphatase,Magnesium Dependent Protein Phosphatase 2C beta,PPM1 Magnesium Dependent Protein Phosphatases,Phosphatase 2C, Protein,Phosphatase, PPM1D,Phosphatase, PPM1E,Phosphatase, PPM1G,Phosphatase, Ppm1b,Phosphatase, Ptc2,Phosphatases, PPM1 Protein,Protein Phosphatase 1D Magnesium Dependent, delta isoform,Protein Phosphatases, PPM1,beta, PP2C
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly

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