BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Anti-inflammatory effect of cholera toxin B subunit in experimental stroke. 2016

Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 52 Meihuadong Road, Zhuhai City, China.

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has multifaceted immunoregulatory functions. Immunity plays an important role in the mechanism of stroke. However, little is known about whether CTB is beneficial for stroke. CTB was administered intraperitoneally after ischemia to rats subjected to transient focal ischemia. Infarct volumes, body weight loss, and neurologic deficits were measured. Cytokines, microglia/macrophage activation, and transcriptional factors in the ischemic brain were tested. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α were tested in the microglia/macrophage isolated from the ischemic hemisphere. γδT cells, IL-17-producing γδT cells, Th17 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the ischemic brain were tested. γδT cells and Treg cells in the peripheral blood were also evaluated. CTB reduced infarct volumes, neurologic deficits, and body weight loss after ischemia. At 24 h after ischemia, CTB downregulated the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kB p65, phosphorylated-ERK1/2, and microglia/macrophage activation and suppressed NF-kB binding activity, but did not affect the level of ERK1/2. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the microglia/macrophage isolated from the ischemic hemisphere were suppressed after CTB therapy. In the ischemic hemisphere, CTB treatment reduced the levels of γδT cells, IL-17-producing γδT cells, and IL-17 at both 24 and 72 h after ischemia, while Th17 cells were not affected. After CTB treatment, the levels of Treg cells, TGF-β, and IL-10 remained unchanged at 24 h and upregulated at 72 h after ischemia. Inactivation of Treg cells using anti-CD25 attenuated the increase of TGF-β and IL-10 induced by CTB at 72 h after ischemia. In the peripheral blood, CTB increased Treg cells and suppressed γδT cells at 24 h after ischemia. And then at 72 h after ischemia, it increased Treg cells but did not impact γδT cells. CTB had no effect on cytokines, transcription factors, infiltrating γδT cells, and Treg cells in the brain of shams. In the peripheral blood of shams, CTB increased Treg cells at both 24 and 72 h, while it did not affect γδT cells. CTB decreased neurologic impairment and tissue injury after cerebral ischemia via its immunomodulatory functions, including inhibiting microglia/macrophage activation, suppressing γδT cells, and inducing production of Treg cells, thus regulating the secretion of related cytokines. Suppression of NF-kB and ERK1/2 pathways is involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of CTB.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007839 Functional Laterality Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot. Ambidexterity,Behavioral Laterality,Handedness,Laterality of Motor Control,Mirror Writing,Laterality, Behavioral,Laterality, Functional,Mirror Writings,Motor Control Laterality,Writing, Mirror,Writings, Mirror
D008264 Macrophages The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.) Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophages,Macrophage,Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived,Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages,Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage,Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived,Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophages, Monocyte Derived,Monocyte Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophage
D008297 Male Males
D009422 Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. Neurologic Disorders,Nervous System Disorders,Neurological Disorders,Disease, Nervous System,Diseases, Nervous System,Disorder, Nervous System,Disorder, Neurologic,Disorder, Neurological,Disorders, Nervous System,Disorders, Neurologic,Disorders, Neurological,Nervous System Disease,Nervous System Disorder,Neurologic Disorder,Neurological Disorder
D002772 Cholera Toxin An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells. Cholera Toxin A,Cholera Toxin B,Cholera Toxin Protomer A,Cholera Toxin Protomer B,Cholera Toxin Subunit A,Cholera Toxin Subunit B,Choleragen,Choleragenoid,Cholera Enterotoxin CT,Cholera Exotoxin,Cholera Toxin A Subunit,Cholera Toxin B Subunit,Procholeragenoid,Enterotoxin CT, Cholera,Exotoxin, Cholera,Toxin A, Cholera,Toxin B, Cholera,Toxin, Cholera
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004660 Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. Inflammation, Brain,Rasmussen Syndrome,Brain Inflammation,Encephalitis, Rasmussen,Rasmussen Encephalitis,Rasmussen's Syndrome,Brain Inflammations
D005434 Flow Cytometry Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. Cytofluorometry, Flow,Cytometry, Flow,Flow Microfluorimetry,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,Microfluorometry, Flow,Cell Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated,Cell Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated,Cytofluorometries, Flow,Cytometries, Flow,Flow Cytofluorometries,Flow Cytofluorometry,Flow Cytometries,Flow Microfluorometries,Flow Microfluorometry,Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings,Microfluorimetry, Flow,Microfluorometries, Flow,Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated Cell,Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated Cell
D000704 Analysis of Variance A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses

Related Publications

Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
The effect of cholera toxin and cholera toxin B subunit on the nasal mucosal membrane.
November 1991, Vaccine,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Primary structure of cholera toxin B-subunit.
January 1977, Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA.
April 2003, Expert review of vaccines,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA.
March 2005, Immunology letters,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Production of cholera toxin B subunit in Lactobacillus.
December 1998, FEMS microbiology letters,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Cholera toxin subunit B detection in microfluidic devices.
January 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
[A promoter responsible for over-expression of cholera toxin B subunit in cholera toxin A subunit structure gene].
January 1997, Yi chuan xue bao = Acta genetica Sinica,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
B subunit of cholera toxin produced in Escherichia coli.
March 1991, Science in China. Series B, Chemistry, life sciences & earth sciences,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Cholera toxin B subunit activates arachidonic acid metabolism.
February 1999, Infection and immunity,
Lei Zhang, and Yanxia Huang, and Yinyao Lin, and Yilong Shan, and Sha Tan, and Wei Cai, and Haiyan Li, and Bingjun Zhang, and Xuejiao Men, and Zhengqi Lu
Anti-inflammatory effect of berberine in rats injected locally with cholera toxin.
January 1977, The Indian journal of medical research,
Copied contents to your clipboard!