Mixing at the microscale: Power input in shaken microtiter plates. 2016

Astrid Dürauer, and Stefanie Hobiger, and Cornelia Walther, and Alois Jungbauer
Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

Power input and local energy dissipation are crucial parameters for the engineering characterization of mixing and fluid dynamics at the microscale. Since hydrodynamic stress is solely dependent on the maximum power input, we adapted the clay/polymer method to obtain flock destruction kinetics in six-, 24-, and 96-well microtiter plates on orbital shakers. We also determined the specific power input using calorimetry and found that the power input is at the same order of magnitude for the six- and 96-well plates and the laboratory-scale stirred tank reactor, with 40 to 90 W/m3 (Re' = 180 to 440), 40 to 140 W/m3 (Re' = 320 to 640), and 30 to 50 W/m3 (Re = 4000 to 8500), respectively. All of these values are significantly below 450 to 2100 W/m3 determined for the pilot-scale reactor. The hydrodynamic stress differs significantly between the different formats of MTPs, as the 96-well plates showed very low shear stress on the shaker with a shaking amplitude of 3 mm. Thus, the transfer of mixing conditions from the microtiter plate to small-scale and pilot-scale reactors must be undertaken with care. Our findings, especially the power input determined by the calorimetric method, show that the hydrodynamic conditions in laboratory- and pilot-scale reactors cannot be reached.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D002151 Calorimetry The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D004867 Equipment Design Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware. Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D005427 Flocculation The aggregation of suspended solids into larger clumps. Flocculations
D000077215 Clay A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. Halloysite,Clays,Halloysites
D000538 Aluminum Silicates Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Aluminum Silicate,Silicate, Aluminum,Silicates, Aluminum
D057166 High-Throughput Screening Assays Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays. High-Throughput Screening,High-Throughput Biological Assays,High-Throughput Chemical Assays,High-Throughput Screening Methods,Assay, High-Throughput Biological,Assay, High-Throughput Chemical,Assay, High-Throughput Screening,Biological Assay, High-Throughput,Chemical Assay, High-Throughput,High Throughput Biological Assays,High Throughput Chemical Assays,High Throughput Screening,High Throughput Screening Assays,High Throughput Screening Methods,High-Throughput Biological Assay,High-Throughput Chemical Assay,High-Throughput Screening Assay,High-Throughput Screening Method,High-Throughput Screenings,Screening Assay, High-Throughput,Screening Method, High-Throughput,Screening, High-Throughput
D057446 Hydrodynamics The motion of fluids, especially noncompressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces. Fluid Dynamics,Dynamic, Fluid,Dynamics, Fluid,Fluid Dynamic,Hydrodynamic
D019149 Bioreactors Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen. Fermentors,Bioreactor,Fermentor

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