Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of the plant circadian gene regulatory network. 2017

C Esteban Hernando, and Andrés Romanowski, and Marcelo J Yanovsky
Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: chernando@leloir.org.ar.

The circadian clock drives rhythms in multiple physiological processes allowing plants to anticipate and adjust to periodic changes in environmental conditions. These physiological rhythms are associated with robust oscillations in the expression of thousands of genes linked to the control of photosynthesis, cell elongation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, developmental processes such as flowering, and the clock itself. Given its pervasive effects on plant physiology, it is not surprising that circadian clock genes have played an important role in the domestication of crop plants and in the improvement of crop productivity. Therefore, identifying the principles governing the dynamics of the circadian gene regulatory network in plants could strongly contribute to further speed up crop improvement. Here we provide an historical as well as a current description of our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in plants. This work focuses on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory layers that control the very core of the circadian clock, and some of its complex interactions with signaling pathways that help synchronize plant growth and development to daily and seasonal changes in the environment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002940 Circadian Rhythm The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli. Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D012323 RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein. Post-Transcriptional RNA Modification,RNA Processing,Post-Transcriptional RNA Processing,Posttranscriptional RNA Processing,RNA Processing, Post Transcriptional,RNA Processing, Posttranscriptional,Modification, Post-Transcriptional RNA,Modifications, Post-Transcriptional RNA,Post Transcriptional RNA Modification,Post Transcriptional RNA Processing,Post-Transcriptional RNA Modifications,Processing, Posttranscriptional RNA,Processing, RNA,RNA Modification, Post-Transcriptional,RNA Modifications, Post-Transcriptional
D014158 Transcription, Genetic The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION. Genetic Transcription
D015398 Signal Transduction The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D017343 Genes, Plant The functional hereditary units of PLANTS. Plant Genes,Gene, Plant,Plant Gene
D053263 Gene Regulatory Networks Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations. Gene Circuits,Gene Modules,Gene Networks,Transcriptional Networks,Gene Module,Circuit, Gene,Circuits, Gene,Gene Circuit,Gene Network,Gene Regulatory Network,Module, Gene,Modules, Gene,Network, Gene,Network, Gene Regulatory,Network, Transcriptional,Networks, Gene,Networks, Gene Regulatory,Networks, Transcriptional,Regulatory Network, Gene,Regulatory Networks, Gene,Transcriptional Network
D057906 Circadian Clocks Biological mechanism that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Circadian clocks exist in the simplest form in cyanobacteria and as more complex systems in fungi, plants, and animals. In humans the system includes photoresponsive RETINAL GANGLION CELLS and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS that acts as the central oscillator. Circadian Clock System,Circadian Timing System,Circadian Clock,Circadian Clock Systems,Circadian Timing Systems,Clock System, Circadian,Clock Systems, Circadian,Clock, Circadian,Clocks, Circadian,System, Circadian Clock,System, Circadian Timing,Systems, Circadian Clock,Systems, Circadian Timing,Timing System, Circadian,Timing Systems, Circadian
D018506 Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants. Plant Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Plant,Regulation, Gene Expression, Plant
D063245 Plant Development Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another. Plant Morphogenesis,Development, Plant,Developments, Plant,Morphogeneses, Plant,Morphogenesis, Plant,Plant Developments,Plant Morphogeneses

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