Biomaterial Database

Cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in brain and gut of the hypothyroid neonatal rat. 1989

B Zheng, and J Eng, and R S Yalow

Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York.

The rat has been a useful model for studying neuronal and metabolic abnormalities associated with fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism produced by treatment of the mother with antithyroid medication. The neonates are then maintained on this medication via the mother's milk until weaning and subsequently through the drinking water. We have determined the concentrations and contents of immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the brain and gut of groups of rats exposed to antithyroid medication from day 16 of gestation. The neonates were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Compared to controls total body weight was greatly reduced in methimazole (MMI)-treated rats, all of whom were hypothyroid as evidenced by marked reduction of T4 and increase in TSH. Discontinuation of MMI-treatment after 8 weeks resulted in normalization of T4 and TSH and a dramatic weight gain but at 12 weeks the brain weights of the MMI-treated rats were reduced by 17% and the brain contents, of CCK and VIP were similarly reduced. Tissue weights throughout the gut were 1/2 or less than those of control rats. Since VIP but not CCK concentrations in the gut of MMI-treated animals were significantly greater than those of the control animals, it would appear that there was greater loss of mucosal tissue with its endocrine content of CCK than of neuronal tissue with its greater content of VIP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007037	Hypothyroidism	A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	Central Hypothyroidism,Primary Hypothyroidism,Secondary Hypothyroidism,TSH Deficiency,Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Deficiency,Central Hypothyroidisms,Deficiency, TSH,Deficiency, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone,Hormone Deficiency, Thyroid-Stimulating,Hypothyroidism, Central,Hypothyroidism, Primary,Hypothyroidism, Secondary,Hypothyroidisms,Primary Hypothyroidisms,Secondary Hypothyroidisms,TSH Deficiencies,Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency,Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Deficiencies
D008713	Methimazole	A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.	Methymazol,Thiamazole,1-Methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole,Favistan,Mercasolyl,Mercazol,Mercazole,Mercazolyl,Merkazolil,Methizol,Methylmercaptoimidazole,Metisol,Metizol,Strumazol,Tapazole,Thiamazol Henning,Thiamazol Hexal,Thimazol,Thyrozol,Tiamazol,Tirodril,1 Methyl 2 mercaptoimidazole,Henning, Thiamazol,Hexal, Thiamazol
D009929	Organ Size	The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.	Organ Volume,Organ Weight,Size, Organ,Weight, Organ
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D011863	Radioimmunoassay	Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.	Radioimmunoassays
D011919	Rats, Inbred Strains	Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.	August Rats,Inbred Rat Strains,Inbred Strain of Rat,Inbred Strain of Rats,Inbred Strains of Rats,Rat, Inbred Strain,August Rat,Inbred Rat Strain,Inbred Strain Rat,Inbred Strain Rats,Inbred Strains Rat,Inbred Strains Rats,Rat Inbred Strain,Rat Inbred Strains,Rat Strain, Inbred,Rat Strains, Inbred,Rat, August,Rat, Inbred Strains,Rats Inbred Strain,Rats Inbred Strains,Rats, August,Rats, Inbred Strain,Strain Rat, Inbred,Strain Rats, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Rat,Strains, Inbred Rat
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D001923	Brain Chemistry	Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.	Chemistry, Brain,Brain Chemistries,Chemistries, Brain
D002766	Cholecystokinin	A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	Pancreozymin,CCK-33,Cholecystokinin 33,Uropancreozymin
D004064	Digestive System	A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	Ailmentary System,Alimentary System