Nogo-A does not inhibit retinal axon regeneration in the lizard Gallotia galloti. 2017

Dirk M Lang, and Maria Del Mar Romero-Alemán, and Bryony Dobson, and Elena Santos, and Maximina Monzón-Mayor
Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa.

The myelin-associated protein Nogo-A contributes to the failure of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Inhibition of axon growth by Nogo-A is mediated by the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR). Nonmammalian vertebrates, however, are capable of spontaneous CNS axon regeneration, and we have shown that retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons regenerate in the lizard Gallotia galloti. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed spatiotemporal regulation of Nogo-A and NgR in cell bodies and axons of RGCs during ontogeny. In the adult lizard, expression of Nogo-A was associated with myelinated axon tracts and upregulated in oligodendrocytes during RGC axon regeneration. NgR became upregulated in RGCs following optic nerve injury. In in vitro studies, Nogo-A-Fc failed to inhibit growth of lizard RGC axons. The inhibitor of protein kinase A (pkA) activity KT5720 blocked growth of lizard RGC axons on substrates of Nogo-A-Fc, but not laminin. On patterned substrates of Nogo-A-Fc, KT5720 caused restriction of axon growth to areas devoid of Nogo-A-Fc. Levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were elevated over sustained periods in lizard RGCs following optic nerve lesion. We conclude that Nogo-A and NgR are expressed in a mammalian-like pattern and are upregulated following optic nerve injury, but the presence of Nogo-A does not inhibit RGC axon regeneration in the lizard visual pathway. The results of outgrowth assays suggest that outgrowth-promoting substrates and activation of the cAMP/pkA signaling pathway play a key role in spontaneous lizard retinal axon regeneration in the presence of Nogo-A. Restriction of axon growth by patterned Nogo-A-Fc substrates suggests that Nogo-A may contribute to axon guidance in the lizard visual system. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:936-954, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007091 Image Processing, Computer-Assisted A technique of inputting two-dimensional or three-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer. Biomedical Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Processing,Digital Image Processing,Image Analysis, Computer-Assisted,Image Reconstruction,Medical Image Processing,Analysis, Computer-Assisted Image,Computer-Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Analyses,Image Analyses, Computer-Assisted,Image Analysis, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Biomedical,Image Processing, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Digital,Image Processing, Medical,Image Processings, Medical,Image Reconstructions,Medical Image Processings,Processing, Biomedical Image,Processing, Digital Image,Processing, Medical Image,Processings, Digital Image,Processings, Medical Image,Reconstruction, Image,Reconstructions, Image
D007150 Immunohistochemistry Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents. Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D008116 Lizards Reptiles within the order Squamata that generally possess limbs, moveable EYELIDS, and EXTERNAL EAR openings, although there are some species which lack one or more of these structures. Chameleons,Geckos,Chameleon,Gecko,Lizard
D009416 Nerve Regeneration Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue. Nerve Tissue Regeneration,Nervous Tissue Regeneration,Neural Tissue Regeneration,Nerve Tissue Regenerations,Nervous Tissue Regenerations,Neural Tissue Regenerations,Regeneration, Nerve,Regeneration, Nerve Tissue,Regeneration, Nervous Tissue,Regeneration, Neural Tissue,Tissue Regeneration, Nerve,Tissue Regeneration, Nervous,Tissue Regeneration, Neural
D000070798 Nogo Proteins Myelin proteins that are expressed as three isoforms: Nogo-A, Nogo-B, and Nogo-C. These share a C-terminal reticulon homology domain (RHD), consisting of two hydrophobic membrane domains flanking a 66 amino acid (Nogo-66) hydrophilic region. A long transmembrane region allows conformations that either span the entire membrane or fold into a hairpin conformation. Nogo inhibits NEURITE outgrowth and modulates wiring and the restriction of SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY in the adult central nervous system. It also regulates neurite fasciculation, branching, and extension in the developing nervous system. NI-220 Protein,NI-250 Protein,NI-35 Protein,NI-35-250,Neurite Growth Inhibitor 35-350,Nogo Protein,Nogo-66 Protein,Nogo-A Protein,Nogo-B Protein,Nogo-C Protein,Reticulon 4-B Protein,Reticulon-4 Protein,NI 220 Protein,NI 250 Protein,NI 35 250,NI 35 Protein,Neurite Growth Inhibitor 35 350,Nogo 66 Protein,Nogo A Protein,Nogo B Protein,Nogo C Protein,Reticulon 4 B Protein,Reticulon 4 Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001369 Axons Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body. Axon
D012165 Retinal Ganglion Cells Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Cell, Retinal Ganglion,Cells, Retinal Ganglion,Ganglion Cell, Retinal,Ganglion Cells, Retinal,Retinal Ganglion Cell
D015153 Blotting, Western Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes. Immunoblotting, Western,Western Blotting,Western Immunoblotting,Blot, Western,Immunoblot, Western,Western Blot,Western Immunoblot,Blots, Western,Blottings, Western,Immunoblots, Western,Immunoblottings, Western,Western Blots,Western Blottings,Western Immunoblots,Western Immunoblottings
D059008 Time-Lapse Imaging Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back. Time-Lapsed Imaging,Imaging, Time-Lapse,Imaging, Time-Lapsed,Time Lapse Imaging,Time Lapsed Imaging

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