Biomaterial Database

Reprogramming of Somatic Cells Towards Pluripotency by Cell Fusion. 2016

Andrzej R Malinowski, and Amanda G Fisher

Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Pluripotent reprogramming can be dominantly induced in a somatic nucleus upon fusion with a pluripotent cell such as embryonic stem (ES) cell. Cell fusion between ES cells and somatic cells results in the formation of heterokaryons, in which the somatic nuclei begin to acquire features of the pluripotent partner. The generation of interspecies heterokaryons between mouse ES- and human somatic cells allows an experimenter to distinguish the nuclear events occurring specifically within the reprogrammed nucleus. Therefore, cell fusion provides a simple and rapid approach to look at the early nuclear events underlying pluripotent reprogramming. Here, we describe a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated cell fusion protocol to generate interspecies heterokaryons and intraspecies hybrids between ES cells and B lymphocytes or fibroblasts.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002459	Cell Fusion	Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.	Cell Fusions,Fusion, Cell,Fusions, Cell
D002467	Cell Nucleus	Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Cell Nuclei,Nuclei, Cell,Nucleus, Cell
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000067470	Cellular Reprogramming Techniques	Procedures used for the induction of CELLULAR REPROGRAMMING to change the terminal phenotype of a cell, such as the generation of INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS from differentiated adult cells by the forced expression of specific genes.	Cell Programming Techniques,Cell Reprogramming Techniques,Direct Cell Reprogramming Techniques,Directed Differentiation Techniques,Cell Programming Technique,Cell Reprogramming Technique,Cellular Reprogramming Technique,Differentiation Technique, Directed,Differentiation Techniques, Directed,Directed Differentiation Technique,Programming Technique, Cell,Programming Techniques, Cell,Reprogramming Technique, Cell,Reprogramming Technique, Cellular,Reprogramming Techniques, Cell,Reprogramming Techniques, Cellular,Technique, Cell Programming,Technique, Cell Reprogramming,Technique, Cellular Reprogramming,Technique, Directed Differentiation,Techniques, Cell Programming,Techniques, Cell Reprogramming,Techniques, Cellular Reprogramming,Techniques, Directed Differentiation
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D053595	Embryonic Stem Cells	Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.	Stem Cells, Embryonic,Cell, Embryonic Stem,Cells, Embryonic Stem,Embryonic Stem Cell,Stem Cell, Embryonic
D039904	Pluripotent Stem Cells	Cells that can give rise to cells of the three different GERM LAYERS.	Stem Cells, Pluripotent,Pluripotent Stem Cell,Stem Cell, Pluripotent
D065150	Cellular Reprogramming	A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type.	Cell Reprogramming,Nuclear Reprogramming,Reprogramming, Cell,Reprogramming, Cellular,Reprogramming, Nuclear