Biomaterial Database

Comparative pathology of Prudhoe Bay crude oil and inert shell sealants in chicken embryos. 1989

C M Couillard, and F A Leighton

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Pathological changes and body weights were compared in 9-day-old chicken embryos exposed to Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil (PBCO), pharmaceutical mineral oil, or a sealing film on the eggshell. Embryos exposed to 10 or 20 microliters PBCO developed marked ascites or subcutaneous edema, extensive liver necrosis, dilation of the heart, and cellular casts and mineralization in renal tubules. Wet and dry body weights were normal or above normal in embryos exposed to PBCO. No changes were found in embryos exposed to 10 microliters mineral oil; embryos exposed to 20 microliters mineral oil had slight dilation of the heart. Very few embryos survived in eggs that were wrapped in sealing film. All embryos that did survive had greatly reduced body weight and marked dilation of the heart. Four of these embryos had vacuolation of hepatocytes at the surface of the liver, one had superficial liver necrosis, and one embryo had slight ascites. These results indicate that the mechanism of the toxic action of PBCO on the avian embryo involves more than simple physical sealing of the shell.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D009206	Myocardium	The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.	Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D010232	Paraffin	A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.	Parafilm
D010578	Petroleum	Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.	Crude Oil,Crude Oils,Oil, Crude,Oils, Crude,Petroleums
D011409	Propylene Glycols	Derivatives of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol). They are used as humectants and solvents in pharmaceutical preparations.	Propanediols,Glycols, Propylene
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012525	Saskatchewan	A province of Canada, lying between the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba. Its capital is Regina. It is entirely a plains region with prairie in the south and wooded country with many lakes and swamps in the north. The name was taken from the Saskatchewan River from the Cree name Kisiskatchewani Sipi, meaning rapid-flowing river. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1083 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p486)
D014873	Water Pollutants	Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.	Water Pollutant,Pollutant, Water,Pollutants, Water