Relation Among Clot Burden, Right-Sided Heart Strain, and Adverse Events After Acute Pulmonary Embolism. 2016

Praveen Hariharan, and David M Dudzinski, and Rachel Rosovsky, and Farris Haddad, and Peter MacMahon, and Blair Parry, and Yuchiao Chang, and Christopher Kabrhel
Center for Vascular Emergencies, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) provides a volumetric assessment of clot burden in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, it is unclear if clot burden is associated with right-sided heart strain (RHS) or adverse clinical events (ACE). We prospectively enrolled Emergency Department patients with PE (in CTPA) from 2008 to 2011. We assigned 1 to 9 points as clot burden score, based on whether emboli were saddle, central, lobar, segmental, and subsegmental. We evaluated a novel score (the "CT-PASS") based on the sum (in millimeters) of the largest filling defects in the right and left pulmonary vasculature. Our primary outcome was RHS, defined by imaging (echocardiography or CTPA) or cardiac biomarkers. Our secondary outcomes included 5-day ACE. We included 271 patients (50% women), with a mean age of 59 ± 17 years. Based on CTPA, 131 patients (48%) had central PE (clot burden score ≥5 points). The median CT-PASS was 9.1 mm (interquartile range 4.9 to 16.4). In univariate analysis, higher clot burden (highest quartile CT-PASS) was associated with RHS (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for RHS, age, and gender, central PE (odds ratio [OR] 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 7.81) and CT-PASS >20 mm (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.39 to 8.97) were significantly associated with ACE. However, this association of central PE with ACE was not statistically significant after excluding patients with shock index >1 (OR 2.56, 95% CI 0.62 to 10.64). In conclusion, highest quartile CT-PASS was associated with RHS and central PE and ACE, but this association was not statistically significant in hemodynamically stable PE [corrected].

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011651 Pulmonary Artery The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. Arteries, Pulmonary,Artery, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Arteries
D011655 Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. Pulmonary Thromboembolism,Thromboembolism, Pulmonary,Embolism, Pulmonary,Embolisms, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Embolisms,Pulmonary Thromboembolisms,Thromboembolisms, Pulmonary
D001777 Blood Coagulation The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot. Blood Clotting,Coagulation, Blood,Blood Clottings,Clotting, Blood
D003914 Dextrocardia A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs. Dextrocardias
D004452 Echocardiography Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. Echocardiography, Contrast,Echocardiography, Cross-Sectional,Echocardiography, M-Mode,Echocardiography, Transthoracic,Echocardiography, Two-Dimensional,Transthoracic Echocardiography,2-D Echocardiography,2D Echocardiography,Contrast Echocardiography,Cross-Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2-D,Echocardiography, 2D,M-Mode Echocardiography,Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,2 D Echocardiography,Cross Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2 D,Echocardiography, Cross Sectional,Echocardiography, M Mode,Echocardiography, Two Dimensional,M Mode Echocardiography,Two Dimensional Echocardiography
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000072226 Computed Tomography Angiography A non-invasive method that uses a CT scanner for capturing images of blood vessels and tissues. A CONTRAST MATERIAL is injected, which helps produce detailed images that aid in diagnosing VASCULAR DISEASES. Angiography, CT,Angiography, Computed Tomography,CT Angiography,Angiographies, CT,Angiographies, Computed Tomography,CT Angiographies,Computed Tomography Angiographies,Tomography Angiographies, Computed,Tomography Angiography, Computed

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