Effect of ultrasound and centrifugal force on carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) slices during osmotic dehydration. 2017

Nirmali Barman, and Laxmikant S Badwaik
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India.

Osmotic dehydration (OD) of carambola slices were carried out using glucose, sucrose, fructose and glycerol as osmotic agents with 70°Bx solute concentration, 50°C of temperature and for time of 180min. Glycerol and sucrose were selected on the basis of their higher water loss, weight reduction and lowers solid gain. Further the optimization of OD of carambola slices (5mm thick) were carried out under different process conditions of temperature (40-60°C), concentration of sucrose and glycerol (50-70°Bx), time (180min) and fruit to solution ratio (1:10) against various responses viz. water loss, solid gain, texture, rehydration ratio and sensory score according to a composite design. The optimized value for temperature, concentration of sucrose and glycerol has been found to be 50°C, 66°Bx and 66°Bx respectively. Under optimized conditions the effect of ultrasound for 10, 20, 30min and centrifugal force (2800rpm) for 15, 30, 45 and 60min on OD of carambola slices were checked. The controlled samples showed 68.14% water loss and 13.05% solid gain in carambola slices. While, the sample having 30min ultrasonic treatment showed 73.76% water loss and 9.79% solid gain; and the sample treated with centrifugal force for 60min showed 75.65% water loss and 6.76% solid gain. The results showed that with increasing in treatment time the water loss, rehydration ratio were increased and solid gain, texture were decreased.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009995 Osmosis Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane. Osmoses
D002498 Centrifugation Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D000069453 Ultrasonic Waves Oscillating sound wave with a frequency higher than the upper limit of the human hearing range. LIPUS,Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound,Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Radiation,Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS),Pulsed Ultrasound,Ultrasonic Vibration,Ultrasound Radiation,Ultrasound Waves,Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS),Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasounds (LIPUS),Pulsed Ultrasound, Low-Intensity (LIPUS),Pulsed Ultrasounds,Pulsed Ultrasounds, Low-Intensity (LIPUS),Radiation, Ultrasound,Ultrasonic Vibrations,Ultrasonic Wave,Ultrasound Wave,Ultrasound, Low-Intensity Pulsed (LIPUS),Ultrasound, Pulsed,Ultrasounds, Low-Intensity Pulsed (LIPUS),Ultrasounds, Pulsed,Vibration, Ultrasonic,Vibrations, Ultrasonic,Wave, Ultrasonic,Wave, Ultrasound,Waves, Ultrasonic,Waves, Ultrasound
D013649 Taste The ability to detect chemicals through gustatory receptors in the mouth, including those on the TONGUE; the PALATE; the PHARYNX; and the EPIGLOTTIS. Gustation,Taste Sense,Gustations,Sense, Taste,Senses, Taste,Taste Senses,Tastes
D014867 Water A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hydrogen Oxide
D065826 Averrhoa Tropical trees in the family Oxalidaceae Averrhoa bilimbi,Averrhoa carambola,Carambola Tree,Cucumber Tree,Starfruit Tree,Averrhoas,Carambola Trees,Cucumber Trees,Starfruit Trees,Tree, Carambola,Tree, Cucumber,Tree, Starfruit,Trees, Carambola,Trees, Cucumber,Trees, Starfruit

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