[The physical compatibility of ketamine and diazepam in infusion solutions]. 1989

M D Lechner, and H Kreuscher
Institut für Anaesthesiologie der Städtischen Kliniken Osnabrück.

Physical compatibilities of infusion solutions containing ketamine and diazepam or midazolam in different concentrations were studied by visual examination and by light-scattering measurements. The isotonic infusion solutions used were fructose 5%, glucose 5%, and NaCl 0.9%. The concentration of additive were between 500 and 600 mg ketamine, 60 and 100 mg diazepam and 30 and 60 mg midazolam (Dormicum) per liter intravenous solution. During a period of 24 h the solutions remained colorless without demixing, precipitation, or changes in pH. The light-scattering measurements were performed immediately after preparation of the solution and repeated after 1, 4, 8, and 24 h using monochromatic light at a wavelength lambda 0 = 546 nm and temperatures T = 20 degrees and 37 degrees C. The light-scattering measurements showed that all intravenous solutions were physically true, homogeneous solutions with no change over a period of 24 h within experimental error, i.e. the solution behavior remained constant. A small amount of the dissolved particles (less than 0.5%) had diameters of 1-4 microns whereas those of all other particles were smaller than 0.02 microns. The particles with 1 to 4 microns diameter consisted of aggregates of the dissolved substances called microgels. Removal of both microgels and inorganic and organic dust is possible with filters of pore size 0.5 microns or by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. In clinical practice filtering is much more feasible.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007262 Infusions, Intravenous The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it. Drip Infusions,Intravenous Drip,Intravenous Infusions,Drip Infusion,Drip, Intravenous,Infusion, Drip,Infusion, Intravenous,Infusions, Drip,Intravenous Infusion
D007552 Isotonic Solutions Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed) Solutions, Isotonic
D007649 Ketamine A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors. 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone,CI-581,Calipsol,Calypsol,Kalipsol,Ketalar,Ketamine Hydrochloride,Ketanest,Ketaset,CI 581,CI581
D009391 Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam. Turbidimetry,Nephelometry,Turbidimetry and Nephelometry
D003975 Diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one,Apaurin,Diazemuls,Faustan,Relanium,Seduxen,Sibazon,Stesolid,Valium
D004347 Drug Interactions The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug

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