Physical characteristics of three highly polishable filling materials (Estic R Microfill, Isopast and Superlux) were compared with those of current composites (Concise, Adaptic). It was shown that the materials with improved polishing qualities exhibit lower bending strength. Critical comments of practical importance are based on special temperature measurements of the material as well as of the pulp cavity. Aspects of testing and preparing the material are mentioned. Tests were further performed on the abrasion behaviour of the dental materials mentioned and the reciprocal changeable influence of the granularity of the abrasive and the quality of the working material is debated.