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The purpose of these experiments was to develop a method to measure the production of lymphokines by cells which were activated by antigen in vivo. Previous protocols have been relatively unsuccessful since small, if any, amounts of lymphokines were available for measurement when in vivo antigen activated lymphocytes (AAL) were examined. These unsuccessful experiments usually employed supernatants derived from in vivo AAL which had been cultured in vitro for 4-24 h. As an alternative to assaying supernatants for the presence/absence of lymphokines, we have developed a co-culture system in which the indicator cells are directly added to the wells containing the in vivo AAL. Utilizing this system in conjunction with appropriate neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we have demonstrated that interleukin-2, interleukin-3/colony stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha can be readily detected from in vivo AAL.
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
July 1975,
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
March 1988,
Seikagaku. The Journal of Japanese Biochemical Society,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
January 1985,
Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
January 1978,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
May 1991,
Cancer research,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
February 1985,
Clinical and experimental immunology,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
May 1997,
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
March 1997,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
January 1982,
Cellular immunology,
K M Mohler, and
L D Butler
February 1982,
Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny,
