Biomaterial Database

Hypothalamic neuronal origin of neuropeptide Y (NPY) or cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) fibers projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus of the rat. 2017

Eun Y Lee, and Young G Hwang, and Hyun S Lee

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Based on the importance of tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) as a target for feeding/arousal-related functions, we aimed in the present study to investigate hypothalamic neuronal origin of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) fibers projecting to the histaminergic nucleus. In the first series of experiments, we examined NPY (or CART) fiber distribution within the boundary of adenosine deaminase (ADA)-immunoreactive (ir) TMN regions; extensive NPY (or CART)-ir axon terminals were observed in E4 (TMMd), E3 (TMMv), and E2 (TMVr) subdivisions. NPY varicosities co-contained vesicular GABA transporters (vGAT). CART boutons, however, contained either vGAT or vesicular glutamate transporters (vGLU), which suggested dual (or multiple) origins of CART fibers. Based on the previous observation on melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-ir neuronal elements in the TMN, their coexistence with CART peptide was examined in detail. In E4 subdivision, approximately 40.8% of MCH-ir somata co-contained CART, but the proportion was reduced to 24.1% in E3 region. In E2 and E1 (TMVc) regions, only MCH-ir axon terminals existed without any MCH-ir somata. In the second series of experiments, we investigated hypothalamic neuronal origin of NPY (or CART) fibers projecting to the TMN. The arcuate nucleus (Arc) was the sole source of hypothalamic NPY fibers projecting to the nucleus. In contrast, CART fibers in the TMN originated from the Arc as well as the other hypothalamic nuclei including the retrochiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus (LH), zona incerta (ZI), and dorsal hypothalamic area. Quantitative analysis showed that arcuate CART projection to the TMN occupied approximately 23.5% of the total hypothalamic CART input to the nucleus, while the rest originated mainly from the LH and ZI. The present observations suggested that the TMN might play a key role in energy balance and arousal, by receiving periphery-derived, first-order NPY (or CART) inputs from the Arc as well as second-order (and downstream) CART inputs from the other hypothalamic nuclei.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007028	Hypothalamic Hormones	Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation.	Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Hormones,Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Peptides,Hormones, Hypothalamic,Hormones, Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating,Hypothalamic Pituitary Regulating Hormones,Hypothalamic Pituitary Regulating Peptides,Peptides, Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating,Pituitary-Regulating Hormones, Hypothalamic,Pituitary-Regulating Peptides, Hypothalamic
D007031	Hypothalamus	Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.	Lamina Terminalis,Preoptico-Hypothalamic Area,Area, Preoptico-Hypothalamic,Areas, Preoptico-Hypothalamic,Preoptico Hypothalamic Area,Preoptico-Hypothalamic Areas
D008297	Male		Males
D008543	Melanins	Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.	Allomelanins,Melanin,Phaeomelanins
D009419	Nerve Tissue Proteins		Proteins, Nerve Tissue,Tissue Proteins, Nerve
D009434	Neural Pathways	Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.	Neural Interconnections,Interconnection, Neural,Interconnections, Neural,Neural Interconnection,Neural Pathway,Pathway, Neural,Pathways, Neural
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D009478	Neuropeptide Y	A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	Neuropeptide Y-Like Immunoreactive Peptide,Neuropeptide Tyrosine,Neuropeptide Y Like Immunoreactive Peptide,Tyrosine, Neuropeptide
D010907	Pituitary Hormones	Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.	Hormones, Pituitary
D002452	Cell Count	The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.	Cell Density,Cell Number,Cell Counts,Cell Densities,Cell Numbers,Count, Cell,Counts, Cell,Densities, Cell,Density, Cell,Number, Cell,Numbers, Cell