Biomaterial Database

Clostridium difficile infection: Updates in management. 2017

Raseen Tariq, and Sahil Khanna

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Clostridium difficile was first identified in 1978 as a diarrhea-causing bacterium in humans. In the last three decades, C. difficile infection (CDI) has reached an epidemic state, both in health care and community settings worldwide. There has been substantial progress in the field of CDI, including identification of novel risk factors, presence of CDI in individuals not considered at risk previously, and treatment options including new drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review discusses epidemiology, novel and traditional risk factors, and updates in management for CDI.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007167	Immunotherapy	Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.	Immunotherapies
D003015	Clostridium Infections	Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	Clostridioides Infections,Clostridioides difficile Infection,Clostridioides perfringens Food Poisoning,Clostridioides perfringens Infections,Clostridioides sordellii Infection,Clostridium difficile Infections,Clostridium sordellii Infections,Clostridium difficile Infection,Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning,Clostridium perfringens Infections,Clostridium sordellii Infection,Infections, Clostridium,Clostridioides Infection,Clostridioides perfringens Infection,Clostridium Infection,Clostridium perfringens Infection,Infection, Clostridioides difficile,Infection, Clostridioides sordellii,Infection, Clostridium,Infection, Clostridium difficile,Infection, Clostridium sordellii
D003092	Colitis	Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	Colitides
D003967	Diarrhea	An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	Diarrheas
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000069467	Fecal Microbiota Transplantation	Transfer of GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA from one individual to another by infusion of donor FECES to the upper or lower GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of the recipient.	Fecal Microbiome Transplantation,Fecal Microbiota Transfer,Fecal Microbiota Transplant,Intestinal Microbiome Transfer,Intestinal Microbiome Transplant,Intestinal Microbiome Transplantation,Intestinal Microbiota Transplant,Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation,Donor Feces Infusion,Fecal Transplant,Fecal Transplantation,Intestinal Microbiota Transfer,Donor Feces Infusions,Fecal Microbiome Transplantations,Fecal Microbiota Transfers,Fecal Microbiota Transplantations,Fecal Microbiota Transplants,Fecal Transplantations,Fecal Transplants,Feces Infusion, Donor,Feces Infusions, Donor,Infusion, Donor Feces,Infusions, Donor Feces,Intestinal Microbiome Transfers,Intestinal Microbiome Transplantations,Intestinal Microbiome Transplants,Intestinal Microbiota Transfers,Intestinal Microbiota Transplantations,Intestinal Microbiota Transplants,Microbiome Transfer, Intestinal,Microbiome Transfers, Intestinal,Microbiome Transplant, Intestinal,Microbiome Transplantation, Fecal,Microbiome Transplantation, Intestinal,Microbiome Transplantations, Fecal,Microbiome Transplantations, Intestinal,Microbiome Transplants, Intestinal,Microbiota Transfer, Fecal,Microbiota Transfer, Intestinal,Microbiota Transfers, Fecal,Microbiota Transfers, Intestinal,Microbiota Transplant, Fecal,Microbiota Transplant, Intestinal,Microbiota Transplantation, Fecal,Microbiota Transplantation, Intestinal,Microbiota Transplantations, Fecal,Microbiota Transplantations, Intestinal,Microbiota Transplants, Fecal,Microbiota Transplants, Intestinal,Transfer, Fecal Microbiota,Transfer, Intestinal Microbiome,Transfer, Intestinal Microbiota,Transfers, Fecal Microbiota,Transfers, Intestinal Microbiome,Transfers, Intestinal Microbiota,Transplant, Fecal,Transplant, Fecal Microbiota,Transplant, Intestinal Microbiome,Transplant, Intestinal Microbiota,Transplantation, Fecal,Transplantation, Fecal Microbiome,Transplantation, Fecal Microbiota,Transplantation, Intestinal Microbiome,Transplantation, Intestinal Microbiota,Transplantations, Fecal,Transplantations, Fecal Microbiome,Transplantations, Fecal Microbiota,Transplantations, Intestinal Microbiome,Transplantations, Intestinal Microbiota,Transplants, Fecal,Transplants, Fecal Microbiota,Transplants, Intestinal Microbiome,Transplants, Intestinal Microbiota
D000900	Anti-Bacterial Agents	Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.	Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D012307	Risk Factors	An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.	Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D014611	Vaccination	Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.	Immunization, Active,Active Immunization,Active Immunizations,Immunizations, Active,Vaccinations
D016360	Clostridioides difficile	A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. The type species Clostridioides difficile is formerly known as Clostridium difficile. It is a causative agent for CLOSTRIDIOIDES INFECTIONS and is associated with PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS ENTEROCOLITIS in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.	Clostridium difficile