Biomaterial Database

Amylopectin small chain glucans form structure fingerprint that determines botanical origin of starch. 2017

Sarita Jaiswal, and Ravindra N Chibbar

Department of Plant Sciences and Crop Developmental Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5A8, Canada. Electronic address: saj105@mail.usask.ca.

Starch granule size, shape and structure of amylopectin are species specific and influence starch properties and end-use of starch. Amylopectin glucan chain structure was used to predict the starch botanical sources. Mathematical probability for accumulation of small glucan chains DP 6-10 reveal exponential fit curve with maximum R2 in smallest granule size starches (Chlamydomonas, quinoa, buckwheat). Cereal and cassava showed R2 of 0.81-0.96 while in pulses and tubers it was less than 0.7. The amylopectin small glucan chains form a unique 'finger print region' that identified starch botanical source. Differential amylopectin chain length distribution (APCLD) graphs between DP 6-80 of all species from Chlamydomonas starch distinguished five structural groups that clustered the 31 analyzed starches into four major patterns. APCLD analyses of amylopectin combined with characteristic pattern of small linear DP (6-9) glucan chains predicted the starch botanical source.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002365	Manihot	A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.	Arrowroot, Brazilian,Brazilian Arrowroot,Cassava,Kasaba,Manioc,Tapioca,Manihot esculenta,Arrowroots, Brazilian,Brazilian Arrowroots,Cassavas,Kasabas,Manihot esculentas,Manihots,Maniocs,Tapiocas,esculenta, Manihot
D002523	Edible Grain	SEEDS used as a major nutritional source, most often the grain from the POACEAE family.	Cereals,Cereal Grain,Cereal,Cereal Grains,Edible Grains,Grain, Cereal,Grain, Edible,Grains, Cereal,Grains, Edible
D002696	Chlamydomonas	A genus GREEN ALGAE in the order VOLVOCIDA. It consists of solitary biflagellated organisms common in fresh water and damp soil.	Chlamydomona
D005936	Glucans	Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.	Glucan,Polyglucose,Polyglucoses,Glucan (BO),Glucose Polymer,Polycose,Polymer, Glucose
D000687	Amylopectin	A highly branched glucan in starch.
D000688	Amylose	An unbranched glucan in starch.
D013213	Starch	Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.	Amylomaize Starch,Amylum,Cornstarch,Keoflo,Starch, Amylomaize
D027465	Chenopodium quinoa	A species of the Chenopodium genus which is the source of edible seed called quinoa. It contains makisterone A and other STEROIDS, some having ECDYSTEROID activity on insects.	Quinoa,Chenopodium quinoas,Quinoas,quinoa, Chenopodium
D035281	Plant Tubers	An enlarged underground root or stem of some plants. It is usually rich in carbohydrates. Some, such as POTATOES, are important human FOOD. They may reproduce vegetatively from buds.	Tubers, Plant,Plant Tuber,Tuber, Plant