Photoplethysmography for an independent measure of pulsatile pressure under controlled flow conditions. 2017

Haneen Njoum, and Panayiotis A Kyriacou
Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City University London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.

Noninvasive continuous blood pressure measurements are desirable for patients and clinicians. This work proposes and validates a method for transmural pressure measurement using photoplethysmography (PPG) in an in vitro setup that allows control of pressure and flow conditions. The optimum pulsatile volume measure is obtained by comparing parameters extracted from the photoplethysmographic signal (AC amplitude, normalized pulse volume (NPV) and adjusted pulse volume (APV)). Pulsatile volume can then provide pressure measurements using the exponential pressure-volume (P-V) relationship and validated using the gold standard catheter pressure measurement. Pressure, red (R) and infrared (IR) PPG signals were recorded continuously in two arterial models with different cross-sectional areas (Model 1 and Model 2) utilising a pulsatile pump. Flow rates were controlled by varying pumping frequencies at low and high stroke volumes. The optimum method for estimation of the pulsatile volume is through APV, which had a highly significant correlation (r 2  =  0.99, p  <  0.001) for Model 1 and (r 2  =  0.98, p  <  0.001) for Model 2. APV obtained a significantly better fit when compared to NPVIR (r 2  =  0.73, z  =  25.85, p  <  0.001), NPVR (r 2  =  0.95, z  =  12.26, p  <  0.001), IRAC (r 2  =  0.52, z  =  28.29, p  <  0.0001) and RAC (r 2  =  0.92, z  =  15.27, p  <  0.0001) in Model 1, and when compared to NPVIR (r 2  =  0.92, z  =  10.23, p  <  0.0001), NPVR (r 2  =  0.96, z  =  5.08, p  <  0.001) IRAC (r 2  =  0.63, z  =  22.47, p  <  0.0001) and RAC (r 2  =  0.92, z  =  17.70, p  <  0.0001) in Model 2. These preliminary findings suggest that APV could be used as a potential non-invasive continuous method of blood pressure measurement at different flow conditions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011673 Pulsatile Flow Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow. Flow, Pulsating,Perfusion, Pulsatile,Flow, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsating,Perfusions, Pulsatile,Pulsatile Flows,Pulsatile Perfusion,Pulsatile Perfusions,Pulsating Flow,Pulsating Flows
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D017156 Photoplethysmography Plethysmographic determination in which the intensity of light reflected from the skin surface and the red cells below is measured to determine the blood volume of the respective area. There are two types, transmission and reflectance. Light Reflection Rheography,Photoreflexometry,Rheography, Light Reflection,Light Reflection Rheographies,Photoplethysmographies,Photoreflexometries,Rheographies, Light Reflection

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