Contemporary orthognathic surgery has made it possible to reposition either or both jaws in one piece or as segmental osteotomies. This has provided the patient, who has a severe dentofacial problem, with the option of having all components of their malocclusion and facial aesthetic concerns addressed. The close collaboration between the orthodontist and the surgeon provides a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan to be generated. The goal of the presurgical phase of orthodontics is to remove the dental compensations and allow optimum surgical correction of the jaw discrepancy. A short phase of orthodontic treatment postoperatively is usually necessary to detail the final occlusion. A systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment planning is discussed in the context of the problem-oriented approach. The application of this approach is illustrated in a case report of the combined orthodontic-surgical treatment of a patient who benefited from a two-jaw surgical procedure with pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment. The principles of presurgical orthodontic treatment are discussed and should avoid any counterproductive tooth movements that can be part of the surgical correction. Tooth movements done as part of the postoperative treatment should avoid compromising the surgical outcome. Illustrations of the cephalometric prediction tracing and its application to the diagnosis and treatment plan of the patient discussed in the case report is an important aspect in providing the dentofacial patient with a representation of the expected treatment outcome.