Biomaterial Database

Principles of 60S ribosomal subunit assembly emerging from recent studies in yeast. 2017

Salini Konikkat, and John L Woolford

Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 616 Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.

Ribosome biogenesis requires the intertwined processes of folding, modification, and processing of ribosomal RNA, together with binding of ribosomal proteins. In eukaryotic cells, ribosome assembly begins in the nucleolus, continues in the nucleoplasm, and is not completed until after nascent particles are exported to the cytoplasm. The efficiency and fidelity of ribosome biogenesis are facilitated by >200 assembly factors and ∼76 different small nucleolar RNAs. The pathway is driven forward by numerous remodeling events to rearrange the ribonucleoprotein architecture of pre-ribosomes. Here, we describe principles of ribosome assembly that have emerged from recent studies of biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae We describe tools that have empowered investigations of ribosome biogenesis, and then summarize recent discoveries about each of the consecutive steps of subunit assembly.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008958	Models, Molecular	Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.	Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D002466	Cell Nucleolus	Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Plasmosome,Cell Nucleoli,Nucleoli, Cell,Nucleolus, Cell,Plasmosomes
D003593	Cytoplasm	The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)	Protoplasm,Cytoplasms,Protoplasms
D000072756	Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical	A secondary structure of proteins that is a right-handed helix or coil, where each amino (N-H) group of the peptide backbone contributes a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl(C	alpha-Helical Conformation, Protein,alpha-Helical Protein Conformation,alpha-Helical Structures,alpha-Helices,alpha-Helix,Conformation, Protein alpha-Helical,Conformation, alpha-Helical Protein,Conformations, Protein alpha-Helical,Conformations, alpha-Helical Protein,Protein Conformation, alpha Helical,Protein Conformations, alpha-Helical,alpha Helical Conformation, Protein,alpha Helical Protein Conformation,alpha Helical Structures,alpha Helices,alpha Helix,alpha-Helical Conformations, Protein,alpha-Helical Protein Conformations,alpha-Helical Structure
D000072757	Protein Conformation, beta-Strand	A secondary structure of proteins where the amino (N-H) groups of a polypeptide backbone, three to ten amino acids in length, establish hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl (C	Protein Conformation, beta-Sheet,beta-Pleated Sheet,beta-Sheet,beta-Sheets,beta-Strand,beta-Stranded Structures,beta-Strands,Conformation, beta-Sheet Protein,Conformation, beta-Strand Protein,Conformations, beta-Sheet Protein,Conformations, beta-Strand Protein,Protein Conformation, beta Sheet,Protein Conformation, beta Strand,Protein Conformations, beta-Sheet,Protein Conformations, beta-Strand,Sheet, beta-Pleated,Sheets, beta-Pleated,beta Pleated Sheet,beta Sheet,beta Sheets,beta Strand,beta Stranded Structures,beta Strands,beta-Pleated Sheets,beta-Sheet Protein Conformation,beta-Sheet Protein Conformations,beta-Strand Protein Conformation,beta-Strand Protein Conformations,beta-Stranded Structure
D001665	Binding Sites	The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.	Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D001678	Organelle Biogenesis	The natural growth and development within living CELLS.	Mitochondrial Biogenesis,Biogeneses, Organelle,Biogenesis, Mitochondrial,Biogenesis, Organelle,Organelle Biogeneses
D012269	Ribosomal Proteins	Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.	Proteins, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Protein,Protein, Ribosomal
D012322	RNA Precursors	RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.	Precursor RNA,Primary RNA Transcript,RNA, Messenger, Precursors,RNA, Ribosomal, Precursors,RNA, Small Nuclear, Precursors,RNA, Transfer, Precursors,Pre-mRNA,Pre-rRNA,Pre-snRNA,Pre-tRNA,Primary Transcript, RNA,RNA Precursor,mRNA Precursor,rRNA Precursor,snRNA Precursor,tRNA Precursor,Pre mRNA,Pre rRNA,Pre snRNA,Pre tRNA,Precursor, RNA,Precursor, mRNA,Precursor, rRNA,Precursor, snRNA,Precursor, tRNA,Precursors, RNA,RNA Primary Transcript,RNA Transcript, Primary,RNA, Precursor,Transcript, Primary RNA,Transcript, RNA Primary