OBJECTIVE The present study compared the clinical prognosis of double crown-retained removable dental prostheses (D-DRPs) with that of clasp-retained removable dental prostheses (C-RDPs). METHODS Clinical records of 201 patients who had received 52 D-RDPs with 144 abutment teeth (D-teeth) and 199 C-RDPs with 399 abutment teeth (C-teeth) at the Prosthetic Dentistry Clinic in Hokkaido University Hospital between April 2005 and June 2015 were analyzed. Survival and complication probabilities of the two types of prostheses and abutment teeth were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the impact of covariates on abutment teeth survival and complications such as gender, age, type of retainer, Eichner classification, jaw, type of tooth, endodontic therapy performed, type of edentulous space, and presence of opposing teeth. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the two types of prostheses in terms of prostheses survival, prostheses complication, and abutment teeth survival. However, a significant difference was observed for complications of abutment teeth. Decementation was the most frequent cause of failure, which occurred in 76.9% of D-teeth and 28.3% of C-teeth. Patient's age, jaw, endodontic therapy performed, and type of edentulous space affected the survival of abutment teeth, whereas the type of retainer and edentulous space affected complications of abutment teeth. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of both types of prostheses was considered to be acceptable. Although D-RDP had lower complication-free rates for abutment teeth, most of the observed complications were decementation, which was considered to be reparable.