Stepwise, Protecting Group Free Synthesis of [4]Rotaxanes. 2017

James E M Lewis, and Joby Winn, and Stephen M Goldup
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. jem.lewis@soton.ac.uk.

Despite significant advances in the last three decades towards high yielding syntheses of rotaxanes, the preparation of systems constructed from more than two components remains a challenge. Herein we build upon our previous report of an active template copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) rotaxane synthesis with a diyne in which, following the formation of the first mechanical bond, the steric bulk of the macrocycle tempers the reactivity of the second alkyne unit. We have now extended this approach to the use of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene in order to successively prepare [2]-, [3]- and [4]rotaxanes without the need for protecting group chemistry. Whilst the first two iterations proceeded in good yield, the steric shielding that affords this selectivity also significantly reduces the efficacy of the active template (AT)-CuAAC reaction of the third alkyne towards the preparation of [4]rotaxanes, resulting in severely diminished yields.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002384 Catalysis The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction. Catalyses
D003300 Copper A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55. Copper-63,Copper 63
D000480 Alkynes Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2. Acetylenic Compounds,Alkyne,Acetylenes
D001386 Azides Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group. Azide
D001555 Benzene Derivatives Organic compounds derived from BENZENE. Derivatives, Benzene
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
D043862 Rotaxanes Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS. Polyrotaxanes,Pseudorotaxane,Pseudorotaxanes,Rotaxane
D053280 Diynes Compounds with two triple bonds. Some of them are CYTOTOXINS. Bisacetylenic Oxylipins,Oxylipins, Bisacetylenic
D061565 Cycloaddition Reaction Synthetic organic reactions that use reactions between unsaturated molecules to form cyclical products. Cycloaddition,Cycloaddition Reaction Techniques,Diels-Alder Reaction,Cycloaddition Reaction Technique,Cycloaddition Reactions,Diels Alder Reaction,Reaction Technique, Cycloaddition,Reaction Techniques, Cycloaddition,Reaction, Cycloaddition,Reaction, Diels-Alder,Reactions, Cycloaddition,Technique, Cycloaddition Reaction,Techniques, Cycloaddition Reaction
D018360 Crystallography, X-Ray The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) X-Ray Crystallography,Crystallography, X Ray,Crystallography, Xray,X Ray Crystallography,Xray Crystallography,Crystallographies, X Ray,X Ray Crystallographies

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