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Mortality data obtained from the Health Statistics Office of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China (PRC), were compared to data for other countries taken from the World Health Statistics Annual. The crude death rate for coronary heart disease (CHD) in China in 1984 is estimated to be about one-tenth of that for North America and Australia. However, a high stroke to CHD ratio of about 5.0 was observed in China. The age-standardized CHD mortality rates were significantly higher for Beijing in north China than for Shanghai and Guangzhou in the south, and for urban than rural populations in all years from 1976 to 1986. Data on hospital admissions and autopsy material provide evidence for an increase in CHD incidence and prevalence in the last three to four decades. A low mean serum total cholesterol, related to a low habitual dietary intake of fat and cholesterol, is considered to be the main cause underlying low CHD mortality rates in China.
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