Biomaterial Database

Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. 2017

Małgorzata Nita, and Andrzej Grzybowski

Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed,"Katowice. Poland.

Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health. The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases, uveitis, optic neuropathies, and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children. A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016. In adults, tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, uveitis and inflamed cystoid macular edema as well as Grave`s ophthalmopathy. Tobacco smoking reduces thickness of the retina and choroid, plays a role in episcleritis, sclerits, tobacco optic neuropathy, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In children, maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for stages 3 and 4 retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia among babies with a birth weight over 2500 g and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer. Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many posterior eye segment diseases leading to blindness in adults and children.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009901	Optic Nerve Diseases	Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	Cranial Nerve II Diseases,Foster-Kennedy Syndrome,Optic Disc Disorders,Optic Disk Disorders,Optic Neuropathy,Second Cranial Nerve Diseases,Cranial Nerve II Disorder,Neural-Optical Lesion,Disc Disorder, Optic,Disk Disorder, Optic,Disorder, Optic Disc,Foster Kennedy Syndrome,Lesion, Neural-Optical,Neural Optical Lesion,Neural-Optical Lesions,Neuropathy, Optic,Optic Disc Disorder,Optic Disk Disorder,Optic Nerve Disease,Optic Neuropathies,Syndrome, Foster-Kennedy
D012164	Retinal Diseases	Diseases involving the RETINA.	Disease, Retinal,Diseases, Retinal,Retinal Disease
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073869	Tobacco Smoking	The process of SMOKING specific to TOBACCO.	Smoking, Tobacco
D012307	Risk Factors	An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.	Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D014605	Uveitis	Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Uveitides
D049970	Graves Ophthalmopathy	An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.	Graves Eye Disease,Ophthalmopathy, Infiltrative,Ophthalmopathy, Thyroid-Associated,Thyroid Eye Disease,Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy,Congestive Ophthalmopathy,Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy,Edematous Ophthalmopathy,Graves Orbitopathy,Myopathic Ophthalmopathy,Ophthalmopathies, Thyroid-Associated,Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathies,Congestive Ophthalmopathies,Disease, Graves Eye,Disease, Thyroid Eye,Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathies,Edematous Ophthalmopathies,Eye Disease, Graves,Eye Disease, Thyroid,Infiltrative Ophthalmopathies,Infiltrative Ophthalmopathy,Myopathic Ophthalmopathies,Ophthalmopathy, Congestive,Ophthalmopathy, Dysthyroid,Ophthalmopathy, Edematous,Ophthalmopathy, Graves,Ophthalmopathy, Myopathic,Ophthalmopathy, Thyroid Associated,Orbitopathy, Graves,Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathies,Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy,Thyroid Eye Diseases
D020641	Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide	A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.	SNPs,Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,Nucleotide Polymorphism, Single,Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Single,Polymorphisms, Single Nucleotide,Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

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