Biomaterial Database

[Benzodiazepines should still be first-line treatment for alcohol withdrawal]. 2017

Gro Askgaard, and Anton Pottegård, and Anders Fink-Jensen

gask@dadlnet.dk.

In this review, we summarize the evidence for benzodiazepines and barbiturates as alcohol withdrawal treatment and outline a treatment guideline. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that benzodiazepine treatment decreases alcohol withdrawal seizures and is safe. For barbiturates, only a few RCTs have been undertaken, and barbiturates were not found to be superior to benzodiazepines. Consequently, we suggest that benzodiazepines should still be first-line treatment for alcohol withdrawal.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010634	Phenobarbital	A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.	Phenemal,Phenobarbitone,Phenylbarbital,Gardenal,Hysteps,Luminal,Phenobarbital Sodium,Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Phenylethylbarbituric Acid,Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric,Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital,Sodium, Phenobarbital
D002707	Chlordiazepoxide	An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.	Methaminodiazepoxide,7-Chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide,7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine 4-oxide,Chlordiazepoxide Hydrobromide,Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride,Chlordiazepoxide Monohydrochloride,Chlordiazepoxide Perchlorate,Chlozepid,Elenium,Librium,7 Chloro 2 methylamino 5 phenyl 3H 1,4 benzodiazepine 4 oxide,7 Chloro N methyl 5 phenyl 3H 1,4 benzodiazepin 2 amine 4 oxide,Hydrobromide, Chlordiazepoxide,Hydrochloride, Chlordiazepoxide,Monohydrochloride, Chlordiazepoxide,Perchlorate, Chlordiazepoxide
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000430	Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium	An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)	Alcohol Withdrawal Hallucinosis,Autonomic Hyperactivity, Alcohol Withdrawal Associated,Delirium Tremens,Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity,Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Delirium Tremens,Delirium Tremens, Alcohol Withdrawal Induced,Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Delirium Tremens,Delirium, Alcohol Withdrawal,Hallucinosis, Alcohol Withdrawal
D001463	Barbiturates	A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.
D001569	Benzodiazepines	A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.	Benzodiazepine,Benzodiazepine Compounds
D012306	Risk	The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.	Relative Risk,Relative Risks,Risk, Relative,Risks,Risks, Relative
D020270	Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures	A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)	Seizures, Alcoholic,Status Epilepticus, Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced,Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Major Motor Seizure,Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Seizure,Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Status Epilepticus,Alcohol-Related Seizures,Major Motor Seizure, Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced,Alcohol Related Seizures,Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Major Motor Seizure,Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Seizure,Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Status Epilepticus,Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure,Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Seizures,Alcohol-Related Seizure,Alcoholic Seizure,Alcoholic Seizures,Seizure, Alcohol Withdrawal,Seizure, Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced,Seizure, Alcohol-Related,Seizure, Alcoholic,Seizures, Alcohol Withdrawal,Seizures, Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced,Seizures, Alcohol-Related,Status Epilepticus, Alcohol Withdrawal Induced,Withdrawal-Induced Seizure, Alcohol,Withdrawal-Induced Seizures, Alcohol