Pharmacokinetic Profile of 1-Methylnicotinamide Nitrate in Rats. 2017

Malgorzata Szafarz, and Kamil Kus, and Maria Walczak, and Agnieszka Zakrzewska, and Michal Niemczak, and Juliusz Pernak, and Stefan Chlopicki
Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland.

Treatment with 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA), a major metabolite of nicotinamide, exerts antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective effects. Yet, pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of MNA has not been fully characterized. In the present work, we analyze the PK profile of the MNA given as a nitrate (MNANO3) in comparison to nitrite (MNANO2) or chloride (MNACl) in rats. The bioavailability of MNA administered as MNANO3 equaled 22.4% as compared to MNANO2 or MNACl (9.2% and 9.1%, respectively). Moreover, in single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments, effective permeability of MNA given as MNANO3 was higher as compared to MNA administered as MNANO2 or MNACl. In turn, tmax was the shortest and Cmax the highest (0.22 h and 56.65μM) for intragastrically administered MNANO2 comparing to MNANO3 (1.92 h, 21.74μM) or MNACl (0.63 h, 16.13μM). Transfer constant between central and peripheral compartments (kcp) and volume of distribution (Vss) for MNANO3 (0.33 h-1 and 1.96 L/kg) were higher as compared to MNANO2 or MNACl (0.11 h-1, 0.08 h-1 for kcp and 1.05 L/kg, 0.76 L/kg for Vss, respectively). In conclusion, we characterized PK profile of MNA and demonstrated that nitrate ion augmented bioavailability and favorably modified PK profile of MNA. Furthermore, given vasoprotective properties of MNA as well as nitrate, MNANO3 represents a bifunctional compound.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009536 Niacinamide An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Nicotinamide,Vitamin B 3,Vitamin PP,3-Pyridinecarboxamide,Enduramide,Nicobion,Nicotinsäureamid Jenapharm,Papulex,Vitamin B3,3 Pyridinecarboxamide,B 3, Vitamin,B3, Vitamin,Jenapharm, Nicotinsäureamid
D009566 Nitrates Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. Nitrate
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001682 Biological Availability The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action. Availability Equivalency,Bioavailability,Physiologic Availability,Availability, Biologic,Availability, Biological,Availability, Physiologic,Biologic Availability,Availabilities, Biologic,Availabilities, Biological,Availabilities, Physiologic,Availability Equivalencies,Bioavailabilities,Biologic Availabilities,Biological Availabilities,Equivalencies, Availability,Equivalency, Availability,Physiologic Availabilities
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus

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