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Cannabis use and symptom severity in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis. 2017

R Carney, and J Cotter, and J Firth, and T Bradshaw, and A R Yung
Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

We aimed to assess whether individuals at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis have higher rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders (CUDs) than non-UHR individuals and determine whether UHR cannabis users have more severe psychotic experiences than non-users. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting cannabis use in the UHR group and/or positive or negative symptoms among UHR cannabis users and non-users. Logit event rates were calculated for cannabis use, in addition to odds ratios to assess the difference between UHR and controls. Severity of clinical symptoms in UHR cannabis users and non-users was compared using Hedges' g. Thirty unique studies were included (UHR n = 4205, controls n = 667) containing data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and randomised control trials. UHR individuals have high rates of current (26.7%) and lifetime (52.8%) cannabis use, and CUDs (12.8%). Lifetime use and CUDs were significantly higher than controls (lifetime OR: 2.09; CUD OR: 5.49). UHR cannabis users had higher rates of unusual thought content and suspiciousness than non-users. Ultra high risk individuals have high rates of cannabis use and CUDs, and cannabis users had more severe positive symptoms. Targeting substance use during the UHR phase may have significant benefits to an individual's long-term outcome.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011618 Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) Psychoses,Psychosis, Brief Reactive,Schizoaffective Disorder,Schizophreniform Disorders,Psychosis,Brief Reactive Psychoses,Brief Reactive Psychosis,Disorder, Psychotic,Disorder, Schizoaffective,Disorder, Schizophreniform,Disorders, Psychotic,Disorders, Schizoaffective,Disorders, Schizophreniform,Psychoses, Brief Reactive,Psychotic Disorder,Reactive Psychoses, Brief,Reactive Psychosis, Brief,Schizoaffective Disorders,Schizophreniform Disorder
D002189 Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning. Cannabis Abuse,Cannabis Dependence,Cannabis-Related Disorder,Hashish Abuse,Marijuana Dependence,Marihuana Abuse,Abuse, Cannabis,Abuse, Hashish,Abuse, Marihuana,Abuse, Marijuana,Cannabis Related Disorder,Dependence, Cannabis,Dependence, Marijuana,Disorder, Cannabis-Related
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000074609 Marijuana Use Medicinal or recreational utilization of MARIJUANA. Marijuana-Related Disorder,Recreational Marijuana Use,Disorder, Marijuana-Related,Disorders, Marijuana-Related,Marijuana Related Disorder,Marijuana Use, Recreational,Marijuana Uses,Marijuana Uses, Recreational,Marijuana-Related Disorders,Recreational Marijuana Uses,Use, Marijuana,Use, Recreational Marijuana,Uses, Marijuana,Uses, Recreational Marijuana
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012306 Risk The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome. Relative Risk,Relative Risks,Risk, Relative,Risks,Risks, Relative
D012720 Severity of Illness Index Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder. Illness Index Severities,Illness Index Severity

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