The crossroads between cancer immunity and autoimmunity: antibodies to self antigens. 2017

Monica Benvenuto, and Rosanna Mattera, and Laura Masuelli, and Ilaria Tresoldi, and Maria Gabriella Giganti, and Giovanni Vanni Frajese, and Vittorio Manzari, and Andrea Modesti, and Roberto Bei
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

The production of autoantibodies to self antigens is dependent on the failure of immune tolerance. Cancer cells express antigens which elicit a spontaneous immune response in cancer patients. The repertoire of autoantibodies found in cancer patients partly covers that of patients with autoimmune diseases. Biological activities of autoantibodies to self antigens may induce paraneoplastic syndromes which reflect the attempt of cancer patients to counteract tumor growth. Autoantibodies with similar specificities may have different effects in cancer and autoimmune disease patients due to different immunological microenvironments. Tregs dysfunction has been observed in patients with paraneoplastic syndromes and/or with autoimmune diseases, while the increase of Tregs has been associated with poor cancer patients prognosis. Novel therapies have employed antibodies against Tregs immune-checkpoint receptors with the aim to boost immune response in cancer patients. The presence of autoantibodies to tumors antigens has also been investigated as a marker for cancer detection and cancer patients prognosis. This report reviews the current knowledge on the analysis and meaning of autoantibodies to self antigens detected in cancer and autoimmune disease patients.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009369 Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000951 Antigens, Neoplasm Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin. Neoplasm Antigens,Tumor Antigen,Tumor Antigens,Antigen, Tumor,Antigens, Tumor
D001323 Autoantibodies Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them. Autoantibody
D001324 Autoantigens Endogenous tissue constituents with the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response. Autoantigen,Autologous Antigen,Autologous Antigens,Self-Antigen,Self-Antigens,Antigen, Autologous,Antigens, Autologous,Self Antigen,Self Antigens
D001327 Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. Autoimmune Disease,Disease, Autoimmune,Diseases, Autoimmune
D014408 Biomarkers, Tumor Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or BODY FLUIDS. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including HORMONES; ANTIGENS; amino and NUCLEIC ACIDS; ENZYMES; POLYAMINES; and specific CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. Biochemical Tumor Marker,Cancer Biomarker,Carcinogen Markers,Markers, Tumor,Metabolite Markers, Neoplasm,Tumor Biomarker,Tumor Marker,Tumor Markers, Biochemical,Tumor Markers, Biological,Biochemical Tumor Markers,Biological Tumor Marker,Biological Tumor Markers,Biomarkers, Cancer,Marker, Biochemical Tumor,Marker, Biologic Tumor,Marker, Biological Tumor,Marker, Neoplasm Metabolite,Marker, Tumor Metabolite,Markers, Biochemical Tumor,Markers, Biological Tumor,Markers, Neoplasm Metabolite,Markers, Tumor Metabolite,Metabolite Markers, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Markers,Tumor Markers, Biologic,Tumor Metabolite Marker,Biologic Tumor Marker,Biologic Tumor Markers,Biomarker, Cancer,Biomarker, Tumor,Cancer Biomarkers,Marker, Tumor,Markers, Biologic Tumor,Markers, Carcinogen,Metabolite Marker, Neoplasm,Metabolite Marker, Tumor,Neoplasm Metabolite Marker,Tumor Biomarkers,Tumor Marker, Biochemical,Tumor Marker, Biologic,Tumor Marker, Biological,Tumor Markers,Tumor Metabolite Markers
D015551 Autoimmunity Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Autoimmune Response,Autoimmune Responses,Autoimmunities
D020361 Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System Degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the central or peripheral nervous system that develop in association with a systemic neoplasm without direct invasion by tumor. They may be associated with circulating antibodies that react with the affected neural tissue. (Intern Med 1996 Dec;35(12):925-9) Paraneoplastic Autonomic Dysfunction,Paraneoplastic Encephalomyelitis,Autonomic Dysfunction, Paraneoplastic,Nervous System Paraneoplastic Syndromes,Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes,Autonomic Dysfunctions, Paraneoplastic,Encephalomyelitis, Paraneoplastic,Neurologic Syndrome, Paraneoplastic,Neurologic Syndromes, Paraneoplastic,Paraneoplastic Autonomic Dysfunctions,Paraneoplastic Encephalomyelitides,Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome,Syndrome, Paraneoplastic Neurologic,Syndromes, Paraneoplastic Neurologic

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