OBJECTIVE To identify the dominant factors affecting reproductive outcomes of fertility-desiring young women with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. METHODS This prospective observational study included 104 cases of women with IUA. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the value of the location and extent of adhesions, the number of previous uterine cavity surgery, menstrual patterns, and second look hysteroscopy time. RESULTS In the total 104 patients with IUA, 91 patients (87.5%) had a history of at least one previous uterine cavity surgery. Hypomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea were two most common presenting menstrual abnormalities occurring in 59 (56.7%) and 28 (26.9%) cases, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.6% (63/104) and the live birth rate was 39.4% (41/104). Pregnancy rate was higher in patients having mild IUA (81.5%) as compared to moderate (61.3%) or severe type (20.0%) (p < 0.001). The bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the location and extent of adhesions were the independent parameters related to the reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for fertility-desiring women with IUA (p = 0.011 and p = 0.003, respectively), but not the number of previous uterine cavity surgery, menstrual patterns, and second look hysteroscopy time (p = 0.232, p = 0.239 and p = 0.120, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The extent and location of IUA are the dominant factors affecting reproductive outcomes, which are possibly regarded as a potential predictor evaluating prognosis of IUA after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.