Biomaterial Database

Direct detection of rhinoviruses by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 1987

C J Dearden, and W Al-Nakib

MRC Common Cold Unit, Harvard Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.

This paper describes the first enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rhinovirus antigens in clinical specimens (nasal washings), either directly or following overnight cell culture amplification. The assay takes approximately 48 hours to perform and utilizes the same rabbit antirhinovirus hyperimmune serum as both the capture and detecting antibody. The latter has been biotin-labelled and is detected via a streptavidin beta-galactosidase preformed complex. This new assay has been found to be very sensitive, detecting human rhinovirus (HRV)-EL and HRV-2 at titres as low as 10(1.8) TCID50 100 microliter-1 and less than 10(1)TCID50 100 microliter -1, respectively. Furthermore, when 57 different human rhinovirus serotypes were tested in both the HRV-EL and HRV-2 ELISA systems a total of 49 (86%) were found to be cross-reactive. Of 36 clinical specimens tested by virus isolation, cell-culture-amplified (CCA) ELISA, and direct ELISA, 15 were positive by isolation, 11 by CCA-ELISA, and 11 by direct ELISA. The overall correlation of the CCA and direct ELISA techniques with virus isolation was found to be 88.9% and 66.7%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the ELISA system developed is a sensitive technique for the diagnosis of rhinovirus infections.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009296	Nasal Cavity	The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.	Nasal Cavities,Cavities, Nasal,Cavity, Nasal
D010850	Picornaviridae Infections	Virus diseases caused by the PICORNAVIRIDAE.	Picornavirus Infections,Infections, Picornaviridae,Infections, Picornavirus,Infection, Picornaviridae,Infection, Picornavirus,Picornaviridae Infection,Picornavirus Infection
D011237	Predictive Value of Tests	In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.	Negative Predictive Value,Positive Predictive Value,Predictive Value Of Test,Predictive Values Of Tests,Negative Predictive Values,Positive Predictive Values,Predictive Value, Negative,Predictive Value, Positive
D003429	Cross Reactions	Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.	Cross Reaction,Reaction, Cross,Reactions, Cross
D004797	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.	ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D006367	HeLa Cells	The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for, among other things, VIRUS CULTIVATION and PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION assays.	Cell, HeLa,Cells, HeLa,HeLa Cell
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000956	Antigens, Viral	Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.	Viral Antigen,Viral Antigens,Antigen, Viral
D012229	Rhinovirus	A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE inhabiting primarily the respiratory tract of mammalian hosts. It includes over 100 human serotypes associated with the COMMON COLD.	Common Cold Virus,Coryza Viruses,Cold Virus, Common,Cold Viruses, Common,Common Cold Viruses,Coryza Virus,Rhinoviruses