Competition between stacked and hydrogen bonded structures of cytosine aggregates. 2017

Jorge González, and Imanol Usabiaga, and Pedro F Arnaiz, and Iker León, and Rodrigo Martínez, and Judith Millán, and José A Fernández
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain. josea.fernandez@ehu.es.

The four bases of DNA constitute what is known as the "alphabet of life". Their combination of proton-donor and acceptor groups and aromatic rings allows them to form stacking structures and at the same time establish hydrogen bonds with their counterparts, resulting in the formation of the well-known double-helix structure of DNA. Here we explore the aggregation preferences of cytosine in supersonic expansions, using a combination of laser spectroscopic techniques and computations. The data obtained from the experiments carried out in the cold and isolated environment of the expansion allowed us to establish which are the leading interactions behind aggregation of cytosine molecules. The results obtained demonstrated that ribbon-like structures held together by hydrogen bonds are the preferred conformations in the small clusters, but once the tetramer was reached, the stacking structures became enthalpically more stable. Stacking is further favoured when cytosine is replaced by its 1'-methylated version, as demonstrated by quantum-mechanical calculations performed using the same level that reproduced the experimental results obtained for cytosine aggregates. A discussion on the biological implications that such observations may have is also offered.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008958 Models, Molecular Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures. Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D009690 Nucleic Acid Conformation The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape. DNA Conformation,RNA Conformation,Conformation, DNA,Conformation, Nucleic Acid,Conformation, RNA,Conformations, DNA,Conformations, Nucleic Acid,Conformations, RNA,DNA Conformations,Nucleic Acid Conformations,RNA Conformations
D003596 Cytosine A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.
D004247 DNA A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D006859 Hydrogen The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas. Protium,Hydrogen-1
D006860 Hydrogen Bonding A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds. Hydrogen Bonds,Bond, Hydrogen,Hydrogen Bond
D013816 Thermodynamics A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) Thermodynamic

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