Bi-allelic alterations in DNA repair genes underpin homologous recombination DNA repair defects in breast cancer. 2017

Robert W Mutter, and Nadeem Riaz, and Charlotte Ky Ng, and Rob Delsite, and Salvatore Piscuoglio, and Marcia Edelweiss, and Luciano G Martelotto, and Rita A Sakr, and Tari A King, and Dilip D Giri, and Maria Drobnjak, and Edi Brogi, and Ranjit Bindra, and Giana Bernheim, and Raymond S Lim, and Pedro Blecua, and Alexis Desrichard, and Dan Higginson, and Russell Towers, and Ruomu Jiang, and William Lee, and Britta Weigelt, and Jorge S Reis-Filho, and Simon N Powell
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-deficient (HRD) breast cancers have been shown to be sensitive to DNA repair targeted therapies. Burgeoning evidence suggests that sporadic breast cancers, lacking germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, may also be HRD. We developed a functional ex vivo RAD51-based test to identify HRD primary breast cancers. An integrated approach examining methylation, gene expression, and whole-exome sequencing was employed to ascertain the aetiology of HRD. Functional HRD breast cancers displayed genomic features of lack of competent HR, including large-scale state transitions and specific mutational signatures. Somatic and/or germline genetic alterations resulting in bi-allelic loss-of-function of HR genes underpinned functional HRD in 89% of cases, and were observed in only one of the 15 HR-proficient samples tested. These findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive genetic assessment of bi-allelic alterations in the HR pathway to deliver a precision medicine-based approach to select patients for therapies targeting tumour-specific DNA repair defects. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009154 Mutation Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. Mutations
D001943 Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Cancer,Breast Tumors,Cancer of Breast,Breast Carcinoma,Cancer of the Breast,Human Mammary Carcinoma,Malignant Neoplasm of Breast,Malignant Tumor of Breast,Mammary Cancer,Mammary Carcinoma, Human,Mammary Neoplasm, Human,Mammary Neoplasms, Human,Neoplasms, Breast,Tumors, Breast,Breast Carcinomas,Breast Malignant Neoplasm,Breast Malignant Neoplasms,Breast Malignant Tumor,Breast Malignant Tumors,Breast Neoplasm,Breast Tumor,Cancer, Breast,Cancer, Mammary,Cancers, Mammary,Carcinoma, Breast,Carcinoma, Human Mammary,Carcinomas, Breast,Carcinomas, Human Mammary,Human Mammary Carcinomas,Human Mammary Neoplasm,Human Mammary Neoplasms,Mammary Cancers,Mammary Carcinomas, Human,Neoplasm, Breast,Neoplasm, Human Mammary,Neoplasms, Human Mammary,Tumor, Breast
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D000369 Aged, 80 and over Persons 80 years of age and older. Oldest Old
D049914 DNA Repair-Deficiency Disorders Disorders resulting from defective DNA REPAIR processes or the associated cellular responses to DNA DAMAGE. DNA Repair-Deficiency,Chromosome Instability Syndromes,Deficient DNA Repair,Chromosome Instability Syndrome,DNA Repair Deficiency,DNA Repair Deficiency Disorders,DNA Repair, Deficient,DNA Repair-Deficiencies,DNA Repair-Deficiency Disorder,DNA Repairs, Deficient,Deficient DNA Repairs,Disorder, DNA Repair-Deficiency,Disorders, DNA Repair-Deficiency,Repair, Deficient DNA,Repairs, Deficient DNA,Syndrome, Chromosome Instability,Syndromes, Chromosome Instability

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