Development of a Selective Inhibitor of Protein Arginine Deiminase 2. 2017

Aaron Muth, and Venkataraman Subramanian, and Edward Beaumont, and Mitesh Nagar, and Philip Kerry, and Paul McEwan, and Hema Srinath, and Kathleen Clancy, and Sangram Parelkar, and Paul R Thompson
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.

Protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) plays a key role in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and breast cancer. To date, no PAD2-selective inhibitor has been developed. Such a compound will be critical for elucidating the biological roles of this isozyme and may ultimately be useful for treating specific diseases in which PAD2 activity is dysregulated. To achieve this goal, we synthesized a series of benzimidazole-based derivatives of Cl-amidine, hypothesizing that this scaffold would allow access to a series of PAD2-selective inhibitors with enhanced cellular efficacy. Herein, we demonstrate that substitutions at both the N-terminus and C-terminus of Cl-amidine result in >100-fold increases in PAD2 potency and selectivity (30a, 41a, and 49a) as well as cellular efficacy (30a). Notably, these compounds use the far less reactive fluoroacetamidine warhead. In total, we predict that 30a will be a critical tool for understanding cellular PAD2 function and sets the stage for treating diseases in which PAD2 activity is dysregulated.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006867 Hydrolases Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3. Hydrolase
D000076342 Protein-Arginine Deiminases A family of ENZYMES that, in the presence of calcium ion, converts ARGININE to CITRULLINE in proteins. There are five PAD isotypes in mammals. In humans: they include PAD1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. They are encoded by five paralogous genes named PADI and clustered on human chromosome 1. Peptidylarginine Deiminase,Peptidylarginine Deiminases,Protein-Arginine Deiminase,Protein-L-Arginine Iminohydrolase,Protein-L-Arginine Iminohydrolases,Deiminase, Peptidylarginine,Deiminase, Protein-Arginine,Deiminases, Peptidylarginine,Deiminases, Protein-Arginine,Iminohydrolase, Protein-L-Arginine,Iminohydrolases, Protein-L-Arginine,Protein Arginine Deiminase,Protein Arginine Deiminases,Protein L Arginine Iminohydrolase,Protein L Arginine Iminohydrolases
D000080064 Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 2 A widely expressed isoenzyme of peptidylarginine deiminase, a post-translational modification enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of protein-bound ARGININE residues to CITRULLINE residues in a CALCIUM ion-dependent manner. PADI2 Protein,Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type 2,Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type II,Peptidylarginine Deiminase II,Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 2,Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type II,Protein Arginine Deiminase 2,Protein Arginine Deiminase Type 2,Protein Arginine Deiminase Type II,Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type II
D001562 Benzimidazoles Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES.
D015195 Drug Design The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include PHARMACOKINETICS, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis. Computer-Aided Drug Design,Computerized Drug Design,Drug Modeling,Pharmaceutical Design,Computer Aided Drug Design,Computer-Aided Drug Designs,Computerized Drug Designs,Design, Pharmaceutical,Drug Design, Computer-Aided,Drug Design, Computerized,Drug Designs,Drug Modelings,Pharmaceutical Designs
D057809 HEK293 Cells A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5. 293T Cells,HEK 293 Cell Line,HEK 293 Cells,Human Embryonic Kidney Cell Line 293,Human Kidney Cell Line 293,293 Cell, HEK,293 Cells, HEK,293T Cell,Cell, 293T,Cell, HEK 293,Cell, HEK293,Cells, 293T,Cells, HEK 293,Cells, HEK293,HEK 293 Cell,HEK293 Cell
D062105 Molecular Docking Simulation A computer simulation technique that is used to model the interaction between two molecules. Typically the docking simulation measures the interactions of a small molecule or ligand with a part of a larger molecule such as a protein. Molecular Docking,Molecular Docking Simulations,Molecular Docking Analysis,Analysis, Molecular Docking,Docking Analysis, Molecular,Docking Simulation, Molecular,Docking, Molecular,Molecular Docking Analyses,Molecular Dockings,Simulation, Molecular Docking

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