We propose a layer-based algorithm with single-viewpoint rendering geometry to calculate a three-dimensional (3D) computer-generated hologram (CGH) with occlusion effect. The 3D scene is sliced into multiple parallel layers according to the depth information. Slab-based orthographic projection is implemented to generate shading information for each layer, which renders hidden primitives for occlusion processing. The layer-based angular spectrum with silhouette mask culling is used to calculate the wave propagations from the layers to the CGH plane without paraxial approximation. The algorithm is compatible with the computer graphics pipeline for photorealistic rendering and robust for CGHs with different parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reconstruct quality 3D scenes with accurate depth information, as well as the occlusion effect.