During a 2-year period, 256 patients were screened for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy with surface-coil MR images and plain films. Selected patients had follow-up examinations including CT, myelography, and CT myelography. Thirty-four of these patients underwent cervical spine surgery after MR imaging, which disclosed a total of 50 abnormalities in three major categories: herniated disks, bony canal stenoses, and intradural lesions. MR correctly predicted 88% of all surgically proved lesions compared with 81% for CT myelography, 58% for myelography, and 50% for CT. Missed herniated disks on either MR or CT myelography usually were the result of technically suboptimal studies caused by motion artifacts on MR and beam-hardening artifacts on CT myelography. Small osteophytes adjoining herniated disks sometimes were not predicted on MR, although such osteophytes invariably were seen on plain films and were palpable during standard anterior cervical diskectomy procedures. Herniated disks in the lateral root canals found in two patients appeared to be detected more readily by CT myelography than by MR. All proved lesions were detected by either screening MR images and plain films or by follow-up CT myelograms. MR replaced invasive evaluations by myelography and CT myelography in 32% of preoperative patients. We conclude that MR images, combined with plain films, offer an accurate, noninvasive test for the preoperative evaluation of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy, while CT myelography is the preferred follow-up examination.