The effect of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclear lesions placed at 108-110 days gestational age on plasma ACTH concentrations in the fetal sheep. 1988

T J McDonald, and J C Rose, and J P Figueroa, and P D Gluckman, and P W Nathanielsz
Department of Physiology, NYS College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.

Lesions that completely destroyed the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were placed in fetal sheep (n = 4) at 108-110 days of gestational age. These fetuses were then subjected to hypotension (50% of initial mean fetal arterial blood pressure), hypoxaemia (a decrease in fetal PaO2 greater than or equal to 5 torr) and bolus injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF-1.0 micrograms iv) in random order on successive days. The lesioned fetuses produced significantly less ACTH after hypotension (+10 min: 35.7 +/- 26.9 vs. 358.0 +/- 99.7 and +30 min: 28.2 +/- 12.2 vs. 238.0 +/- 73.0 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05), hypoxaemia (+40 min: 23.5 +/- 9.3 vs. 198.3 +/- 75.8 and +60 min: 32.3 +/- 18.8 vs. 295.3 +/- 99.9 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05) and intravenous administration of 1 microgram CRF (+15 min: 32.0 +/- 16.8 vs. 145.7 +/- 25.0 and +60 min: 33.0 +/- 23.3 vs. 161.3 +/- 43.1 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05). Our experiments suggest an important role for the fetal paraventricular nucleus in control of ACTH secretion. They also indicate that impairment of paraventricular nucleus function at this stage of fetal life may have a detrimental effect on the ability of the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH in response to exogenous CRF.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007022 Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. Blood Pressure, Low,Hypotension, Vascular,Low Blood Pressure,Vascular Hypotension
D007029 Hypothalamic Neoplasms Benign and malignant tumors of the HYPOTHALAMUS. Pilocytic astrocytomas and hamartomas are relatively frequent histologic types. Neoplasms of the hypothalamus frequently originate from adjacent structures, including the OPTIC CHIASM, optic nerve (see OPTIC NERVE NEOPLASMS), and pituitary gland (see PITUITARY NEOPLASMS). Relatively frequent clinical manifestations include visual loss, developmental delay, macrocephaly, and precocious puberty. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2051) Hypothalamic Tumors,Hypothalamic-Chiasmatic Neoplasms,Hypothalamic-Pituitary Neoplasms,Benign Hypothalamic Neoplasms,Hypothalamic Cancer,Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Benign,Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Malignant,Hypothalamic Teratomas,Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial Region Neoplasms,Hypothalamus Neoplasms,Malignant Hypothalamic Neoplasms,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic, Benign,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic, Malignant,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic-Chiasmatic,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic-Pituitary,Neoplasms, Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial Region,Neoplasms, Hypothalamus,Tumors, Hypothalamus,Benign Hypothalamic Neoplasm,Cancer, Hypothalamic,Cancers, Hypothalamic,Hypothalamic Cancers,Hypothalamic Chiasmatic Neoplasms,Hypothalamic Neoplasm,Hypothalamic Neoplasm, Malignant,Hypothalamic Pituitary Neoplasms,Hypothalamic Teratoma,Hypothalamic Tumor,Hypothalamic-Chiasmatic Neoplasm,Hypothalamic-Pituitary Neoplasm,Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial Region Neoplasms,Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial Region Neoplasm,Hypothalamus Neoplasm,Hypothalamus Tumor,Hypothalamus Tumors,Malignant Hypothalamic Neoplasm,Neoplasm, Benign Hypothalamic,Neoplasm, Hypothalamic,Neoplasm, Hypothalamic-Chiasmatic,Neoplasm, Hypothalamic-Pituitary,Neoplasm, Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial Region,Neoplasm, Hypothalamus,Neoplasm, Malignant Hypothalamic,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic Chiasmatic,Neoplasms, Hypothalamic Pituitary,Neoplasms, Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial Region,Neoplasms, Malignant Hypothalamic,Teratoma, Hypothalamic,Teratomas, Hypothalamic,Tumor, Hypothalamic,Tumor, Hypothalamus,Tumors, Hypothalamic
D010286 Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS. Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus,Paraventricular Nucleus,Hypothalamic Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Hypothalamic Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular Hypothalamic,Paraventricular Nucleus, Hypothalamic
D010903 Pituitary Gland, Anterior The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES that regulate vital functions such as GROWTH; METABOLISM; and REPRODUCTION. Adenohypophysis,Anterior Lobe of Pituitary,Anterior Pituitary Gland,Lobus Anterior,Pars Distalis of Pituitary,Adenohypophyses,Anterior Pituitary Glands,Anterior, Lobus,Anteriors, Lobus,Lobus Anteriors,Pituitary Anterior Lobe,Pituitary Glands, Anterior,Pituitary Pars Distalis
D003346 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS. ACTH-Releasing Hormone,CRF-41,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-41,ACTH-Releasing Factor,CRF (ACTH),Corticoliberin,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-41,ACTH Releasing Factor,ACTH Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Factor,Corticotropin Releasing Factor 41,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone 41
D005312 Fetal Blood Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery. Cord Blood,Umbilical Cord Blood,Blood, Cord,Blood, Fetal,Blood, Umbilical Cord,Bloods, Cord,Bloods, Fetal,Bloods, Umbilical Cord,Cord Blood, Umbilical,Cord Bloods,Cord Bloods, Umbilical,Fetal Bloods,Umbilical Cord Bloods
D005865 Gestational Age The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated from the onset of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. It is also estimated to begin from fertilization, estrus, coitus, or artificial insemination. Embryologic Age,Fetal Maturity, Chronologic,Chronologic Fetal Maturity,Fetal Age,Maturity, Chronologic Fetal,Age, Embryologic,Age, Fetal,Age, Gestational,Ages, Embryologic,Ages, Fetal,Ages, Gestational,Embryologic Ages,Fetal Ages,Gestational Ages
D000324 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP). ACTH,Adrenocorticotropin,Corticotropin,1-39 ACTH,ACTH (1-39),Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone,Corticotrophin,Corticotrophin (1-39),Corticotropin (1-39),Hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic,Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000860 Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. Anoxia,Oxygen Deficiency,Anoxemia,Deficiency, Oxygen,Hypoxemia,Deficiencies, Oxygen,Oxygen Deficiencies

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