The second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) 1976-1980 provided detailed information concerning the dietary patterns of older Americans. By using 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaires, the dietary patterns of 2,615 adults aged 65-74 years were evaluated by types of living arrangements (living alone, with a spouse, or with someone other than a spouse) and income level (below poverty, at or above poverty). Analyzed indicators of dietary quality were caloric and nutrient intake, food group intake and frequency, and number of meals skipped. The most favorable dietary patterns of elderly persons were associated with living with a spouse, especially for men. Low-income men not living with a spouse were at highest risk of dietary inadequacy. For women, income was more strongly associated with dietary patterns than type of living arrangement. Results from NHANES II compare favorably to those of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1974.