Biomaterial Database

How the marine biotoxins affect human health. 2018

Silvia Morabito, and Serena Silvestro, and Caterina Faggio

a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.

Several marine microalgae produce dangerous toxins very damaging to human health, aquatic ecosystems and coastal resources. These Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in recent decades seem greatly increased regarding frequency, severity and biogeographical level, causing serious health risks as a consequence of the consumption of contaminated seafood. Toxins can cause various clinically described syndromes, characterised by a wide range of symptoms: amnesic (ASP), diarrhoetic (DSP), azaspirazid (AZP), neurotoxic (NSP) and paralytic (PSP) shellfish poisonings and ciguatera fish poisoning. The spread of HABs is probably a result of anthropogenic activities and climate change, that influence marine planktonic systems, including global warming, habitat modification, eutrophication and growth of exogenous species in response to human pressures. HABs are a worldwide matter that requests local solutions and international cooperation. This review supplies an overview of HAB phenomena, and, in particular, we describe the major consequences of HABs on human health.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008387	Marine Toxins	Toxic or poisonous substances elaborated by marine flora or fauna. They include also specific, characterized poisons or toxins for which there is no more specific heading, like those from poisonous FISHES.	Marine Biotoxins,Phycotoxins
D005506	Food Contamination	The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.	Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D005517	Foodborne Diseases	Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.	Food Poisoning,Food-borne Disease,Food-borne Illness,Foodborne Disease,Foodborne Illness,Food-borne Diseases,Food-borne Illnesses,Foodborne Illnesses,Poisoning, Food,Disease, Food-borne,Disease, Foodborne,Food Poisonings,Food borne Disease,Food borne Diseases,Food borne Illness,Food borne Illnesses,Illness, Food-borne,Illness, Foodborne,Illnesses, Foodborne
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017747	Seafood	Marine fish and shellfish used as food or suitable for food. (Webster, 3d ed) SHELLFISH and FISH PRODUCTS are more specific types of SEAFOOD.	Sea-Food,Sea Food,Sea-Foods,Seafoods
D057096	Shellfish Poisoning	Poisoning from toxins present in bivalve mollusks that have been ingested. Four distinct types of shellfish poisoning are recognized based on the toxin involved.	Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning,Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning,Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning,Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning,Amnesic Shellfish Poisonings,Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisonings,Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisonings,Paralytic Shellfish Poisonings,Poisoning, Amnesic Shellfish,Poisoning, Diarrhetic Shellfish,Poisoning, Neurotoxic Shellfish,Poisoning, Paralytic Shellfish,Poisoning, Shellfish,Poisonings, Amnesic Shellfish,Poisonings, Diarrhetic Shellfish,Poisonings, Neurotoxic Shellfish,Poisonings, Paralytic Shellfish,Poisonings, Shellfish,Shellfish Poisoning, Amnesic,Shellfish Poisoning, Diarrhetic,Shellfish Poisoning, Neurotoxic,Shellfish Poisoning, Paralytic,Shellfish Poisonings,Shellfish Poisonings, Amnesic,Shellfish Poisonings, Diarrhetic,Shellfish Poisonings, Neurotoxic,Shellfish Poisonings, Paralytic