Retrospective survey of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in German pig-fattening farms, 2011-2012. 2017

Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: nicole.roschanski@fu-berlin.de.

In November 2015, the first plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, was described in animals and in humans in China. Subsequently, a multitude of further studies was performed and quite recently the global spread of mcr-1 as well as the occurrence of a new gene variant, mcr-2, was reported. To obtain an overview of the occurrence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 in German pig farms, a retrospective study, including 436 boot swab and pooled faecal samples collected from 58 pig-fattening farms throughout Germany, was performed. Whilst mcr-2 was not detected, the presence of mcr-1 was confirmed in 43 Escherichia coli isolates from 15 farms, indicating that the mcr-1 gene was present in 9.9% of the analysed samples and 25.9% of the investigated pig farms. Subsequent characterisation of the isolates showed colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-8 µg/mL, with most isolates being resistant to several antibiotics including cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolones. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed great heterogeneity among the tested mcr-1-positive isolates. However, further analyses of 15 selected E. coli isolates (one per mcr-1-positive farm) indicated that the colistin resistance genes were predominantly located on IncX4 plasmids, highly similar to a plasmid initially isolated from an E. coli derived from a human patient in Brazil. The results described herein support the already expressed concern for public health and further underline the need for monitoring programmes in veterinary practice as well as in human medicine.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008565 Membrane Proteins Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors. Cell Membrane Protein,Cell Membrane Proteins,Cell Surface Protein,Cell Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Proteins,Membrane-Associated Protein,Surface Protein,Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Protein,Membrane Protein,Membrane-Associated Proteins,Membrane Associated Protein,Membrane Associated Proteins,Membrane Protein, Cell,Membrane Protein, Integral,Membrane Proteins, Integral,Protein, Cell Membrane,Protein, Cell Surface,Protein, Integral Membrane,Protein, Membrane,Protein, Membrane-Associated,Protein, Surface,Proteins, Cell Membrane,Proteins, Cell Surface,Proteins, Integral Membrane,Proteins, Membrane,Proteins, Membrane-Associated,Proteins, Surface,Surface Protein, Cell
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D010957 Plasmids Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS. Episomes,Episome,Plasmid
D003091 Colistin Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. Polymyxin E,Colimycin,Colisticin,Colistin Sulfate,Coly-Mycin,Totazina,Sulfate, Colistin
D004926 Escherichia coli A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc. Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D005243 Feces Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
D005858 Germany A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The capital is Berlin.
D000072480 Farms Areas of land set aside to grow crops or raise LIVESTOCK. Farmland,Vineyards,Farm,Farmlands,Vineyard
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial

Related Publications

Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
February 2017, Veterinary microbiology,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
February 2018, International journal of antimicrobial agents,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
February 2017, Veterinary microbiology,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
January 1949, Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
June 1967, Monatshefte fur Veterinarmedizin,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
January 2018, PloS one,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
December 2020, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland),
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
June 2023, Preventive veterinary medicine,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
December 1968, Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete,
Nicole Roschanski, and Linda Falgenhauer, and Mirjam Grobbel, and Sebastian Guenther, and Lothar Kreienbrock, and Can Imirzalioglu, and Uwe Roesler
January 2014, Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift,
Copied contents to your clipboard!