[Magnetic resonance imaging : Recent studies on biological effects of static magnetic and high‑frequency electromagnetic fields]. 2017

B Pophof, and G Brix
Abteilung für Wirkungen und Risiken ionisierender und nichtionisierender Strahlung, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim/Neuherberg, Deutschland. bpophof@bfs.de.

OBJECTIVE During the last few years, new studies on biological effects of strong static magnetic fields and on thermal effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were published. Many of these studies have not yet been included in the current safety recommendations. METHODS Scientific publications since 2010 on biological effects of static and electromagnetic fields in MRI were researched and evaluated. RESULTS New studies confirm older publications that have already described effects of static magnetic fields on sensory organs and the central nervous system, accompanied by sensory perceptions. A new result is the direct effect of Lorentz forces on ionic currents in the semicircular canals of the vestibular system. Recent studies of thermal effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields were focused on the development of anatomically realistic body models and a more precise simulation of exposure scenarios. Strong static magnetic fields can cause unpleasant sensations, in particular, vertigo. In addition, they can influence the performance of the medical staff and thus potentially endanger the patient's safety. As a precaution, medical personnel should move slowly within the field gradient. High-frequency electromagnetic fields lead to an increase in the temperature of patients' tissues and organs. This should be considered especially in patients with restricted thermoregulation and in pregnant women and neonates; in these cases exposure should be kept as low as possible.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008279 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D001831 Body Temperature The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal. Organ Temperature,Body Temperatures,Organ Temperatures,Temperature, Body,Temperature, Organ,Temperatures, Body,Temperatures, Organ
D004574 Electromagnetic Fields Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces. Electromagnetic Field,Field, Electromagnetic,Fields, Electromagnetic
D005260 Female Females
D005334 Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. Pyrexia,Fevers,Pyrexias
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014717 Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) CNS Origin Vertigo,Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo,Positional Vertigo,Spinning Sensation,Vertigo, Brain Stem,Vertigo, Brainstem,Vertigo, Central Nervous System Origin,Vertigo, Central Origin,Vertigo, Constant,Vertigo, Essential,Vertigo, Intermittant,Vertigo, Paroxysmal,Vertigo, Peripheral,Vertigo, Subjective,Brain Stem Vertigo,Brain Stem Vertigos,Brainstem Vertigo,Brainstem Vertigos,CNS Origin Vertigos,Central Origin Vertigo,Central Origin Vertigos,Constant Vertigo,Constant Vertigos,Essential Vertigo,Essential Vertigos,Intermittant Vertigo,Intermittant Vertigos,Origin Vertigo, CNS,Origin Vertigo, Central,Origin Vertigos, CNS,Origin Vertigos, Central,Paroxysmal Vertigo,Paroxysmal Vertigos,Peripheral Vertigo,Peripheral Vertigos,Sensation, Spinning,Sensations, Spinning,Spinning Sensations,Subjective Vertigo,Subjective Vertigos,Vertigo, CNS Origin,Vertigo, Positional,Vertigos,Vertigos, Brain Stem,Vertigos, Brainstem,Vertigos, CNS Origin,Vertigos, Central Origin,Vertigos, Constant,Vertigos, Essential,Vertigos, Intermittant,Vertigos, Paroxysmal,Vertigos, Peripheral,Vertigos, Subjective
D060526 Magnetic Fields Areas of attractive or repulsive force surrounding MAGNETS. Magnetic Field,Field, Magnetic,Fields, Magnetic
D061214 Patient Safety Efforts to reduce risk, to address and reduce incidents and accidents that may negatively impact healthcare consumers. Patient Safeties,Safeties, Patient,Safety, Patient

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