Chronotype and its relationship with sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 2017

Fatma Benk Durmuş, and Ayşe Rodopman Arman, and Ayşe Burcu Ayaz
a Erenkoy Resarch and Training Hospital , Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Istanbul , Turkey.

Chronotype can be classified as morningness types, people who prefer morning hours for their physical and mental activities; eveningness types, people who prefer the afternoon or evening hours; and intermediate types, those who show characteristics of both morningness and eveningness types. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked with disturbances in chronotype, particularly increased eveningness. Despite the possibility of an association between chronotypes, sleep disturbances and ADHD symptoms, there is little evidence of this association considering the child population. The purpose of this study was to examine chronotype preferences in children aged between 7 and 12 years who were diagnosed as having ADHD in the context of sleep disturbances. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, Conner's Rating Scales, Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire and Children's Chronotype Questionnaire were used for the evaluation of children with ADHD and healthy controls. The ADHD group was 73% combined-type, and the eveningness scores of the ADHD group (n = 52) were significantly higher than the control group (n = 52) (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the higher scores of eveningness and total scores on resistance to sleep time (p < 0.09), respiratory problems during sleep and daytime sleepiness in the ADHD group. CSHQ total score was found to be a predictive factor for eveningness among children with ADHD (p < 0.01). These findings highlight possible reciprocal links between ADHD symptoms, sleep disturbances and chronotype in children aged 7-12 years, which might lead to individualized treatment options.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010641 Phenotype The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment. Phenotypes
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002652 Child Behavior Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available. Behavior, Child
D002940 Circadian Rhythm The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli. Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D005260 Female Females
D006184 Habits Acquired or learned responses which are regularly manifested. Habit Disturbances,Habit,Habit Disturbance
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000204 Activity Cycles Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes biochemical activity and hormonal activity which may be cellular. These cycles are shorter than 24 hours and include sleep-wakefulness cycles and the periodic activation of the digestive system. Activity Cycle,Cycle, Activity,Cycles, Activity
D001289 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V) ADHD,Attention Deficit Disorder,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,Brain Dysfunction, Minimal,Hyperkinetic Syndrome,Minimal Brain Dysfunction,ADDH,Attention Deficit Disorders with Hyperactivity,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders,Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder,Attention Deficit Disorders,Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorders,Deficit Disorder, Attention,Deficit Disorders, Attention,Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention,Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorders, Attention,Disorder, Attention Deficit,Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity,Disorders, Attention Deficit,Disorders, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity,Dysfunction, Minimal Brain,Syndromes, Hyperkinetic

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